Cancer Incidence in Israeli Jewish Survivors of World War II

Keinan‐Boker, Lital; Vin-Raviv, Neomi; Liphshitz, Irena; Linn, Shai; Barchana, Micha

doi:10.1093/jnci/djp327

Cited by 95 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A synergistic effect has been identified, such that women with breast cancer and whose parents were directly affected by the Holocaust had much higher psychological distress than expected based on the distress levels found for each of these factors alone [144,145]. Moreover, very recent findings indicate that exposure to the Holocaust in itself is associated with increased risk of breast cancer and other malignancies [146]. War and related traumatic experiences may have a similar effect upon other immigrant and refugee groups [143].…”

Section: Controversies Questions and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of high-risk groups for breast and ovarian cancer in Europe: a focus on the Jewish population

et al. 2010

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Low breast cancer screening rates are often found among ethnic minority groups and those born outside the host country. This is of particular concern for high-risk groups, who should benefit from ongoing trials aimed at optimizing screening strategies for breast, as well as ovarian cancer. Both of these issues are germane for Jewish women in Europe. We systematically review the literature concerning breast cancer early detection practices (BCEDP) among Jewish women, and examine European surveillance studies of high-risk for breast and/or ovarian cancer that had imaging in the surveillance protocol, in order to assess the likelihood of adequately including women from minority ethnic groups. No studies were found about BCEDP among Jewish women in Europe. Twenty-one research groups from Israel or the US addressed BCEDP among Jewish women. Some Jewish women in the US and Israel, including recent immigrants, are under-screened. Twenty-four research groups reported imaging surveillance of women at increased risk for breast and/or ovarian cancer in Europe. There was a clear benefit to magnetic resonance imaging and/or more intensive screening for women with increased breast cancer risk. Some of these surveillance studies considered ethnic minority groups at high risk, including Jewish women, but none provided adequate outreach to ensure that these groups were included in their programs. The specific screening needs of Jewish and other high-risk ethnic minority groups in Europe have not been met regarding breast and ovarian cancer. A European-wide, population-based approach is suggested, with cultural sensitivity being vital for these efforts.

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Section: Controversies Questions and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of high-risk groups for breast and ovarian cancer in Europe: a focus on the Jewish population

et al. 2010

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“…Various epidemiologic studies have indicated that psychological stress produces a significant increase in breast cancer risk, and that the nature and magnitude of the effect of stress on risk is comparable with that of other well-known risk factors for breast cancer (16). Furthermore, specific studies have suggested that the cancer-causing effects of stress may be fairly specific to the breast (17,18). We previously presented the first molecular evidence for a connection between stress and breast cancer with our observation that BRCA1 expression is repressed by the synthetic stress hormone hydrocortisone in nonmalignant mouse mammary cells (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Unliganded Glucocorticoid Receptor Positively Regulates the Tumor Suppressor GeneBRCA1through GABP Beta

Ritter

Antonova

Mueller

2012

Molecular Cancer Research

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Loss of BRCA1 tumor suppressor function is a critical event in breast tumorigenesis. We have previously identified the stress hormone hydrocortisone as a negative regulator of BRCA1 expression in nonmalignant mammary cells. Here, we have identified a direct role for the unliganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in BRCA1 upregulation in the absence of hydrocortisone. The positive regulatory effect of GR is lost upon the addition of hydrocortisone. We have shown that GR interacts with the BRCA1 promoter only in the absence of hydrocortisone, and that this interaction is mediated through the b-subunit of the ets transcription factor GA-binding protein (GABP) at the RIBS promoter element. GR and GABPb interact in both coimmunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assays, and this interaction involves the N-terminal to central regions of both proteins. This work presents the first evidence of a ligand-independent role for GR as a positive regulator of gene expression, and loss of GR from the BRCA1 promoter in response to stress hormones leads to decreased BRCA1 expression. Because low levels of BRCA1 have been implicated in the development of sporadic breast cancer, this may represent a novel mechanism through which prolonged stress signaling increases breast cancer risk. Mol Cancer Res; 10(4); 558-69. Ó2012 AACR. IntroductionGerm line mutations in the BRCA1 tumor suppressor contribute to familial breast tumor formation but BRCA1 mutations do not seem to occur in sporadic breast cancer tumors (1). Instead, sporadic breast tumors exhibit decreased levels of BRCA1 expression, and the degree of downregulation seems to be correlated with tumor grade, rate of tumor progression, and risk of metastasis (2-6). This implies that loss of BRCA1 function, either through decreased activity or downregulation of expression, is a critical event in the etiology of breast cancer. Phenotypically normal breast epithelial cells from individuals harboring a BRCA1 germ line mutation (a so called "one-hit" mutation accompanied by a 50% decrease in BRCA1 function) express an altered mRNA profile compared with normal cells from individuals without a BRCA1 mutation (7). This suggests that decreases in functional BRCA1

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“…One study found that Jews potentially exposed to the Holocaust (who immigrated to the prestate of Israel after the Second World War) had a higher incidence of cancer than those who immigrated during the War. 10 A similar study of Jewish parents who had lost a son found, however, no increased incidence of cancer among those who immigrated to the prestate of Israel before vs. after the war. 11 In neither study were there individual data on exposure to the Holocaust and follow-up for cancer and death was incomplete.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cancer incidence and mortality among members of the Danish resistance movement deported to German concentration camps: 65‐Year follow‐up

Olsen

Nielsen

Dalton

et al. 2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The widespread belief that a stressful life event increases cancer incidence and mortality was investigated in a unique cohort of all Danish male political prisoners, who survived the extremely stressful experience of life in German concentration camps between 1943 and 1945. A virtually complete cohort of all 1,322 Danish male political prisoners who survived deportation to German concentration camps were followed up for cancer incidence and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality from 1946 through 2010. Standardized ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the observed and expected numbers of cancers or deaths, the latter based on national rates. We observed slightly increased standardized cancer incidence ratio (SIR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.27), particularly of smoking-or alcohol-related cancers (SIR 1.31; 95% CI, 1.15-1.49) and nonsignificantly increased SIR of immune system-and hormone-related cancers (SIR 1.17; 95% CI, 0.80-1.65 and 1.05; 95% CI, 0.81-1.34 respectively). Both the standardized all-cause mortality ratio (SMR 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18) and cancer specific mortality ratio (SCMR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.26) were slightly increased, particularly from smoking-or alcohol-related cancers (SCMR 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06-1.45). The minor increased cancer incidence and cancer mortality among the survivors is probably not directly associated with exposure to this extreme stressful event, but may be indirectly mediated through behavioral responses to psychological stress, as reflected in the increased incidence of and mortality from tobacco-and alcohol-related cancers.

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Cancer Incidence in Israeli Jewish Survivors of World War II

Abstract: Incidence of all cancers, particularly breast and colorectal cancer, was higher among Israeli Jews who were potentially exposed to the Holocaust than among those who were not.

Cited by 95 publications

References 57 publications

Screening of high-risk groups for breast and ovarian cancer in Europe: a focus on the Jewish population

Screening of high-risk groups for breast and ovarian cancer in Europe: a focus on the Jewish population

The Unliganded Glucocorticoid Receptor Positively Regulates the Tumor Suppressor GeneBRCA1through GABP Beta

Cancer incidence and mortality among members of the Danish resistance movement deported to German concentration camps: 65‐Year follow‐up

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