Cancer in the very elderly Dutch population

Rijke, Janneke M. de; Schouten, Leo J.; Hillen, H.F.P.; Kiemeney, L.A.L.M.; Coebergh, Jan Willem; Brandt, Piet A. van den

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20000901)89:5<1121::aid-cncr22>3.3.co;2-7

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The fact that the fall off in the oldest age groups seems to be similar for all three cohorts suggests that these reasons are either not important or that time frames studied are too homogenous. The possibility of underreporting of cancer incidence in the oldest was also investigated by de Rijke and colleagues (30), who found that reporting in a group of elderly Dutch men of age over 95 was 87% accurate for cancer incidence registries 1989 to 1995.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Suppression at Old Age

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increased age is regularly linked with heightened cancer risk, but recent research suggests a flattening around age 80. We report that, independent of cancer site or time period, most incidence rates decrease in the more elderly and drop to or toward zero near the ceiling of human life span. For all major organ sites, male and female, we use 1979 to 2003 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry records (8-26% of the U.S. population) to construct three sequential crosssections at 10-year intervals, totaling 129 sets of age-specific cancer data. To compute incidence rates, we estimate older populations at risk with census counts and NIH life tables. This article provides both a minimal and a more comprehensive extension of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer rates to those above 85. Almost all cancers peak at age f80. Generally, it seems that centenarians are asymptomatic or untargeted by cancers. We suggest that the best available justification for this pattern of incidence is a link between increased senescence and decreased proliferative potential among cancers. Then, thus far, as senescence may be a carcinogen, it might also be considered an anticarcinogen in the elderly. We model rising and falling incidence rates with a B curve obtained by appending a linearly decreasing factor to the well-known Armitage-Doll multistage model of cancer. Taken at face value, the B model implies that medical, diet, or lifestyle interventions restricting carcinogenesis ought to be examined for possible effects on longevity. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4465-78]

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Suppression at Old Age

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, most log-log tumors display a marked flattening in incidence over the age of 75 years. 30,31 This property follows naturally from the model proposed here, whereas multihit models predict a continuing increase. Second, cancers caused by exposure to short-term chemotherapy or radiotherapy are characterized by a unimodal peak incidence rather than a progressive increase as would be predicted by several ratelimiting steps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

JAK2 617V>F–positive polycythemia rubra vera maintained by approximately 18 stochastic stem-cell divisions per year, explaining age of onset by a single rate-limiting mutation

Vickers

2007

Blood

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As the rates of most cancers are proportional to the fourth to fifth power of age ("log-log" behavior), it is widely believed that 5 to 6 independent mutations are necessary for malignant transformation. Conversely, the peak incidences of most cancers are similar to stem-cell mutation rates at single loci, implying only one rate-limiting mutation. Here, flow cytometrically measured red blood cells mutated at a selectively neutral locus, glycophorin A, allow observation of individual stem-cell differentiation events in a loglog malignancy, polycythemia rubra vera. Contrary to predictions from multistep models, the clone is driven by infrequent (< annual) and rare (ϳ 18 per year) differentiation events. These parameters imply that malignant stem cells have a modest selective advantage. Correspondingly minor, typically less than 20%, increases in stochastic self-renewal ratios are modeled to show that single mutations can result in the observed fourth power relationship with age. The conundrum between log-log behavior and mutation rate is thereby reconcilable, with the age of onset arising not from the requirement for multiple, independent mutations but from infrequent, stochastic stem-cell division rates and single mutations causing initially minor effects, but initiating a clone whose expected number increases successively with age-an "exponential phe IntroductionThe incidences of most human cancers increase as a fourth to fifth power of age. 1 Plotting logarithmically transformed data approximates to straight lines, giving rise to the term log-log cancers. As the probability of independent stochastic events occurring together in the same cell is the product of the probabilities of each event, and the corresponding rate is the first derivative with respect to time, 2,3 it is widely believed there are 5 to 6 rate-limiting mutations necessary to cause cancer. 4,5 However, mutation rates are many orders of magnitude too low to accommodate so many independent mutations, prompting 2-or 3-step theories. 6,7 Such models postulate that the first mutation alters phenotype, either proliferative 8 or mutator, 9,10 to make subsequent rate-limiting mutations more likely. However, none of these models has gained general acceptance, partly because measurements on malignant stem cells are lacking. 11,12 Polycythemia rubra vera (PRV) is a myeloproliferative, stem cell, clonal disorder, whose incidence increases as a fourth power of age with a peak incidence of 10.5 ϫ 10 5 /year at ages 75 to 80 years. 13 The disease is closely associated with a point mutation, 617VϾF, in the JAK2 gene, 14-18 although it is currently uncertain whether the mutation is primary or secondary. 19,20 In healthy individuals, about 3 ϫ 10 6 hematopoietic stem cells cycle approximately annually, 21 and point mutation rates are about 1 ϫ 10 Ϫ10 per cell division. The expected annual rate of production of new JAK2 617VϾF mutations in stem cells is therefore 3 ϫ 10 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ10 ϭ 3 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 per individual per year or 30 per 10 5 /year, 21 similar to the peak di...

show abstract

“…Hierbei ist die Inzidenzrate für Männer fast doppelt so hoch wie für Frauen im gleichen Alter [29]. Die 5 häufigs-ten Tumorarten in der Altersgruppe von 65-85 Jahren sind beim Mann das Prostata-, Bronchial-, Kolon-, Magen-und Rektumkarzinom und bei der Frau das Mamma-, Kolon-, Rektum-und Bronchialkarzinom.…”

Section: Tumoren Im Alterunclassified

Urologische Erkrankungen im Alter

Wolff

2004

Urologe [A]

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urological illnesses in the elderly are a growing clinical problem because as life expectancy increases so does the prevalence of such illnesses. However, sufficient data for judging the various possible therapies are lacking for patients over the age of 70. Age itself does not have enough predictive value for the determination of the best treatment. It seems more important to estimate the functional and socio-economic status, comorbidity, and the cognitive and emotional abilities of elderly patients as well as their nutritional intake.

show abstract

Cancer in the very elderly Dutch population

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Cancer Suppression at Old Age

Cancer Suppression at Old Age

JAK2 617V>F–positive polycythemia rubra vera maintained by approximately 18 stochastic stem-cell divisions per year, explaining age of onset by a single rate-limiting mutation

Urologische Erkrankungen im Alter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About