Cancer in electrical workers: an analysis of cancer registrations in England, 1981-87

Fear, NT; Roman, Eve; Carpenter, LM; Newton, Rob; Bull, Diana

doi:10.1038/bjc.1996.167

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Many of the studies used a broad definition of exposure based on either occupations (25,28,(31)(32)(33)(34) or qualitative job-exposure matrices (35)(36)(37)(38)(39). Some of these studies found evidence for an increased risk with potential exposure to EMFs (25,28,31,(35)(36)(37), whereas others did not (32,33; 38, 39).lnterestingly, the few studies incorporating quantitative exposure measurements found little to no evidence for an elevated breast cancer risk (40)(41)(42), largely consistent with the results of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Case-Control Study of Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Breast Cancer

Wijngaarden

Nylander‐French

Millikan

et al. 2001

Annals of Epidemiology

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PURPOSE: This population-based case-control study examined occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in relation to female breast cancer incidence among 843 breast cancer cases and 773 controls. METIIODS: Exposure was classified based on work in the two longest-held jobs. and indices of cumu1at ive exposure to magnetic fields based on a measurement survey. , RESULTS: Female breast cancer was not associated with employment as an office or industrial worker. For the total study population, cumulative exposure ove~the entire career, and in the past 0-10 and 10-20 years generally showed odds mtios (ORs) close to the null Moderately elevated risks were found for intermediate but not high levels of cumulative exposure accumulated 20 or more yean; ago (OR == 1.5i 95% CI ::::1.1-2.0). Associations were stronger for premenopausal women (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1-2.7) in the past 10-20 years, and those with estrogen-receptor positive (ER +) breast tumorS (OR = 2.06; 95% CI 0:: 1.1-4.0). No consistent dose-response patterns were observed.CONCLUSIONS: These findings give little support to the hypothesiS that electromagnetic fields cause cancer of the female breast.Ann Epidemio! 2oql;

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Case-Control Study of Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Breast Cancer

Wijngaarden

Nylander‐French

Millikan

et al. 2001

Annals of Epidemiology

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“…Over the past 10 yr, more than 40 epidemiology studies investigating the possible association between occupational or residential exposure to magnetic fields and cancer risk have been published (1,5,6,9,10,12,15,20,30,32,35). When considered together, the results of these studies neither support nor dispute the hypothesis that exposure to EMFs is a significant risk factor for human cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in B6C3F1 Mice

McCormick¹,

Boorman

Findlay³

et al. 1999

Toxicol Pathol

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A 2-yr whole-body exposure study was conducted to evaluate the chronic toxicity and possible oncogenicity of 60 Hz (power frequency) magnetic fields in mice. Groups of 100 male and 100 female B6C3F 1 mice were exposed to pure, linearly polarized, transient-free 60 Hz magnetic fields at flux densities of 0 Gauss (G) (sham control), 20 milligauss (mG), 2 G, and 10 G; an additional group of 100 male and 100 female B6C3F 1 mice received intermittent (1 hr on/1 hr off) exposure to 10 G fields. A small but statistically significant increase in mortality was observed in male mice exposed continuously to 10 G fields; mortality patterns in all other groups of mice exposed to magnetic fields were comparable to those found in sex-matched sham controls. Body weight gains and the total incidence and number of malignant and benign tumors were similar in all groups. Magnetic field exposure did not increase the incidence of neoplasia in any organ, including those sites (leukemia, breast cancer, and brain cancer) that have been identified in epidemiology studies as possible targets of magnetic field action. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence of malignant lymphoma was observed in female mice exposed continuously to 10 G fields, and statistically significant decreases in the incidence of lung tumors were seen in both sexes exposed continuously to 2 G fields. These data do not support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to pure, linearly polarized 60 Hz magnetic fields is a significant risk factor for neoplastic development in mice.

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“…Although EMF exposure was not a primary focus of this study, all women were asked about their use of electric blankets. Gammon et al (33) (34)(35)(36) (Table 3). Two of the studies were large cohorts based in England and Denmark with limited exposure assessment (exposure was based on job titles alone) (35,36 Of all the studies of EMF exposure and female breast cancer, case-control studies of occupational exposure are the most suggestive.…”

Section: Electric Blanket Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gammon et al (33) (34)(35)(36) (Table 3). Two of the studies were large cohorts based in England and Denmark with limited exposure assessment (exposure was based on job titles alone) (35,36 Of all the studies of EMF exposure and female breast cancer, case-control studies of occupational exposure are the most suggestive. Although it could be argued that cohort studies conducted to date did not have sufficient power, case-control studies have problems of their own: the most severe problem is the lack of even rudimentary exposure assessment.…”

Section: Electric Blanket Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Industrialization, electromagnetic fields, and breast cancer risk.

Kheifets

Matkin

1999

Environ Health Perspect

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The disparity between the rates of breast cancer in industrialized and less-industrialized regions has led to many hypotheses, including the theory that exposure to light-at-night and/or electromagnetic fields (EMF) may suppress melatonin and that reduced melatonin may increase the risk of breast cancer. In this comprehensive review we consider strengths and weaknesses of more than 35 residential and occupational epidemiologic studies that investigated the association between EMF and breast cancer. Although most of the epidemiologic data do not provide strong support for an association between EMF and breast cancer, because of the limited statistical power as well as the possibility of misclassification and bias present in much of the existing data, it is not possible to rule out a relationship between EMF and breast cancer. We make several specific recommendations for future studies carefully designed to test the melatonin-breast cancer and EMF-breast cancer hypotheses. Future study designs should have sufficient statistical power to detect small to moderate associations; include comprehensive exposure assessments that estimate residential and occupational exposures, including shift work; focus on a relevant time period; control for known breast cancer risks; and pay careful attention to menopausal and estrogen receptor status. -Environ Health Perspect 107(Suppl 1):145-154 (1999). http.//ehpnetl.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1999/Suppl-1/145-154kheifets/abstract.html

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Cancer in electrical workers: an analysis of cancer registrations in England, 1981-87

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Population-Based Case-Control Study of Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Breast Cancer

Population-Based Case-Control Study of Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Breast Cancer

Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Evaluation of 60 Hz (Power Frequency) Magnetic Fields in B6C3F1 Mice

Industrialization, electromagnetic fields, and breast cancer risk.

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