Cancer in developing countries: The next most preventable pandemic. The global problem of cancer

López-Gómez, Miriam; Malmierca, Eduardo; Górgolas, Miguel; Casado, Enrique

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.03.011

Cited by 74 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cancer is a global problem that accounts for almost 13% of deaths worldwide, there will be between 15 and 17 million new cases of cancer every year, 60% of which will be in developing countries (Lopez-Gomez et al, 2013). Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women worldwide, accounting for 23% of the total cancer cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALEX1 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells

Gao

Wu²,

Zeng³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Arm protein lost in epithelial cancers, on chromosome X (ALEX) is a novel subgroup within the armadillo (ARM) family, which has one or two ARM repeat domains as opposed to more than six-thirteen repeats in the classical Armadillo family members. Materials and Methods: In the study, we explore the biological functions of ALEX1 in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of ALEX1 and silencing of ALEX1 were performed with SK-BR3 and MCF-7 cell lines. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays, along with flow cytometry, were carried out to evaluate the roles of ALEX1. Results: ALEX1 overexpression in SK-BR3 breast cancer cells inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, depletion of ALEX1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Additional analyses demonstrated that the overexpression of ALEX1 activated the intrinsic apoptosis cascades through up-regulating the expression of Bax, cytosol cytochrome c, active caspase-9 and active caspase-3 and down-regulating the levels of Bcl-2 and mitochondria cytochrome c. Simultaneouly, silencing of ALEX1 inhibited intrinsic apoptosis cascades through down-regulating the expression of Bax, cytosol cytochrome c, active caspase-9, and active caspase-3 and up-regulating the level of Bcl-2 and mitochondria cytochrome c. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ALEX1 as a crucial tumor suppressor gene has been involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer, which may serve as a novel candidate therapeutic target.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALEX1 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells

Gao

Wu²,

Zeng³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…In French Guiana, early detection and prevention programs are crucial for increasing cancer survival, notably for foreign-born patients. Late diagnosis, advanced stage at diagnosis, difficulties in accessing treatment facilities, and absence of prevention and screening are common problems in tropical countries which generally are of low and middle-low income [5][6][7][8][9]. Surprisingly this is also the case for a large proportion of the population in French Guiana [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Palliative Care and Socio-Cultural Interactions in French Guiana: A Case Report and Discussion

Droz¹

2017

PMCOA

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Context : Palliative care involves global management of the patient at the end of life. In the practice of oncology, important cultural aspects of this care are not always adequately taken in account.Objective: To describe social, familial, economic and cultural aspects of end of life care through a case report of a patient with cancer of the cervix living in a multicultural setting.Data Acquisition: Mrs. X, whose case is reported, was one of the 594 patients managed at the Cayenne Oncology Unit in French Guiana between January 2010 and December 2012. Mrs. X's trusted representative in confidential matters was her 21-year-old sister, who gave oral permission for anonymized data relating to the case to be published. The search for relevant references was guided by the nature of the data and discussion between authors.Findings: Mrs. X's clinical presentation was typical for cancer of the cervix. Initial treatment was with curative intent led to incomplete resection. However, disease progression quickly made her case one of palliative management, and this raised many social, economic, family and cultural issues. These included illegal immigration, poverty, lack of structured family support, and aspects of indigenous cultural practice. The first three aspects were effectively managed by social workers. Cultural aspects, however, were not well understood. The objective was that the patient should die in her home surroundings and receive appropriate cultural death rites. This Native American patient was thought to belong to a cultural group whose death rites have disappeared. In fact, she belonged to a different group that had also lost its cultural identity. Conclusions:Knowing patients' medical history is essential to planning effective palliative care. But it is also important to understand as fully as possible their social, familial and cultural circumstances. In relation to a patient's culture, we must not rely on general assumptions but should seek to understand the specific circumstances relevant to a particular individual.

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“…Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are much lower in high-resource settings because of the implementation of organized screening programs based on Pap and/or HPV testing, diagnosis by colposcopy and biopsy, and timely treatment of cervical precancer and early-stage cancer. However, many lowincome and middle-income countries have been unable to implement such screening programs because of the high cost of the necessary infrastructure and the lack of qualified personnel (Wright and Kuhn, 2012;López-Gómez et al, 2013). Screening programs are also hampered by loss to follow-up of screen-positive women, who do not receive accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High-resolution microendoscopy: a point-of-care diagnostic for cervical dysplasia in low-resource settings

Grant

Fregnani²,

Possati-Resende³

et al. 2017

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death among women in low-to-middle income countries. Pap testing and pathological services are difficult to implement under these settings. Alternative techniques for the diagnosis of cervical precancer in these settings are needed to reduce the burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a low-cost, high-resolution microendoscope imaging system in identifying precancerous lesions of the cervix in vivo. A retrospective study of 59 patients undergoing colposcopy for an abnormal Pap test was performed at Hospital de Câncer de Barretos in Brazil. All patients underwent colposcopy as per standard of care, and acetowhite lesions were recorded. High-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) images were obtained from one colposcopically normal region and from all lesions observed on colposcopy. Biopsies of abnormal areas were obtained and reviewed by three independent, blinded pathologists and compared with HRME findings. The mean nuclear area and the median nuclear eccentricity were calculated from HRME images acquired from each site. A diagnostic algorithm to distinguish histopathologically diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasias of grade 2 or more severe lesions (high grade) from less severe lesions (low grade) was developed using these parameters. A test of trend was used to analyze the relationship between HRME positivity and severity of histopathogical diagnosis. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze differences in HRME positivity between high-grade and low-grade lesions. Evaluable images were obtained from 108 of 143 discrete sites. Of these, 71 sites were colposcopically normal or low grade according to histopathology and 37 were diagnosed as high grade on the basis of histopathology. Using the mean nuclear area and the median nuclear eccentricity, HRME images from 59 colposcopically abnormal sites were classified as high grade or low grade with 92% sensitivity and 77% specificity compared with histopathological findings. Increasing HRME positivity showed a significant trend with increasing severity of diagnosis (Ptrend<0.001). We found a strong association (P<0.001) between HRME positivity and a histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or higher. HRME demonstrated an accurate in-situ diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia. In low-resource settings in which colposcopy and histopathology services are severely limited or unavailable, HRME may provide a low-cost, accurate method for diagnosis of cervical precancer without the need for biopsy, allowing for a single 'screen-and-treat' approach.

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Cancer in developing countries: The next most preventable pandemic. The global problem of cancer

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

ALEX1 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells

ALEX1 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells

Palliative Care and Socio-Cultural Interactions in French Guiana: A Case Report and Discussion

High-resolution microendoscopy: a point-of-care diagnostic for cervical dysplasia in low-resource settings

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