Cancer in 15- to 29-Year-Olds by Primary Site

Bleyer, Archie; Viny, Aaron D.; Barr, Ronald D.

doi:10.1634/theoncologist.11-6-590

Cited by 228 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…16,17 Melanoma causes more deaths than any other skin cancer, and its incidence is increasing, particularly among non-Hispanic whites and women; increases have also been noted among all tumor thicknesses. 18 Additionally, melanoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. 19,20 Indoor tanning before age 35 years increases the risk of melanoma by 60%-80% or more, possibly because of longer duration of use. 3,13,16,21 In addition to the morbidity and mortality it causes, skin cancer poses a substantial economic burden in the U.S. 22,23 The treatment of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer costs an estimated $1.7 billion each year.…”

Section: Indoor Tanning and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Watson

Holman

Fox³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning devices (tanning beds, booths, and sun lamps) or from the sun contributes to the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma, which is the type of skin cancer responsible for most deaths. Indoor tanning is common among certain groups, especially among older adolescents and young adults, adolescent girls and young women, and non-Hispanic whites. Increased understanding of the health risks associated with indoor tanning has led to many efforts to reduce use. Most environmental and systems efforts in the U.S. (e.g., age limits or requiring parental consent/accompaniment) have occurred at the state level. At the national level, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission regulate indoor tanning devices and advertising, respectively.The current paper provides a brief review of (1) the evidence on indoor tanning as a risk factor for skin cancer; (2) factors that may influence use of indoor tanning devices at the population level; and (3) various environmental and systems options available for consideration when developing strategies to reduce indoor tanning. This information provides the context and background for the companion paper in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, which summarizes highlights from an informal expert meeting convened by the CDC in August 2012 to identify opportunities to prevent skin cancer by reducing use of indoor tanning devices.

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Section: Indoor Tanning and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Watson

Holman

Fox³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…6,11,12 In all, 101 (60%) patients were o15 years at the time of allo-HCT and 67 (40%) were 15-30 years of age (AYA). The median age at the time of allo-HCT for those o15 years of age was 8.1 (range, 0.5-14.99 years) as compared with 22.6 (range, 15.0-29.7 years) for the AYA.…”

Section: Study Design and Patient Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar outcomes between adolescent/young adults and children with AML following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Burke

Gossai

Cao

et al. 2013

Bone Marrow Transplant

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We recently reported that adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with B-cell ALL receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) have inferior survival compared with children, primarily because of greater TRM. We therefore hypothesized that in the setting of allo-HCT for AML, similar inferior outcomes would be observed in AYA patients as compared with children. We reviewed outcomes of 168 consecutive patients (ages 0-30 years) with AML undergoing allo-HCT at our institution. Of these, 60% (n ¼ 101) were o15 years of age and 40% (n ¼ 67) were AYAs (15-30 years of age). We identified no significant differences in 5-year overall survival (48% vs 50%, P ¼ 0.89), disease-free (47% vs 47%, P ¼ 0.89), relapse (24% vs 33%, P ¼ 0.30) or TRM (27% vs 16%, P ¼ 0.10) between the two groups. However, AYA patients had a greater incidence of grade II-IV acute (48% vs 31%, P ¼ 0.01) and chronic GVHD (22% vs 7%, Po0.01). Based on this analysis we identified no differences in survival, relapse or TRM between AYAs and children with AML receiving allo-HCT. INTRODUCTIONGradual improvements in the survival of patients with newly diagnosed AML have been achieved through treatment intensification; 1,2 however, differences in outcomes continue to exist between adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and younger-aged children. 3,4 Although overall survival appears to be similar between these two age groups (children o15 years of age vs AYAs), there are stark differences in chemotherapy-related mortality, with AYA patients having significantly higher rates of treatment-related deaths most often from infection. 3,4 The reasons why AYA patients may have significantly worse outcomes compared with younger children include: age-related differences in the underlying cancer biology; 5 access to medical care; 6 compliance with treatment, 7 participation in clinical trials 8 and/or not receiving care at centers with AYA experience. 7,9 We recently investigated survival differences between AYA patients and younger-aged children (o13 years of age) with B-cell ALL who received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) at our institution and found significantly inferior survival in the AYA group. 10 These findings were primarily because of greater TRM in AYA patients. Based on these results and the higher mortality recently reported in chemotherapy-treated AYA AML patients, 3,4 we hypothesized that AML AYA patients undergoing allo-HCT would have inferior outcomes as compared with younger patients.

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“…1,2 In the year 2000, almost 25,000 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer in the USA, and almost 2,250 in Australia. Despite major improvements in outcomes for children and older adults with cancer over the last 3 decades, 1,3 recent data from the USA indicates there has been little or no improvement in survival for AYAs. 1 For many cancers, survival for AYAs is significantly worse than for children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite major improvements in outcomes for children and older adults with cancer over the last 3 decades, 1,3 recent data from the USA indicates there has been little or no improvement in survival for AYAs. 1 For many cancers, survival for AYAs is significantly worse than for children. 4,5 The reasons behind the meagre improvements in survival for AYA cancer are poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender‐specific activity of chemotherapy correlates with outcomes in chemosensitive cancers of young adulthood

Khamly

Thursfield

Fay

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Good evidence indicates that adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer do badly compared with children with similar cancers. The reasons are poorly understood. Australian registry data on 14,824 cancers of adolescence and young adulthood seen between 1982 and 2002 were reviewed. A detailed substudy of clinical characteristics was analyzed from 179 AYAs with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Ewing sarcoma (ES) or osteosarcomas (OS) treated at a single institution. Despite significant improvements in survival for both groups over the period in question, for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, ES, OS and HL, survival for AYAs was worse than for children. For ES, OS and HL, the survival gap occurred almost entirely in males (Hazard ratios compared with female AYAs of 1.8 [p < 0.01], 1.4 [p = 0.03] and 1.5 [p < 0.01] respectively). Survival outcomes from ES, OS and HL for female AYAs were not significantly different from children of either sex. For brain tumors and thyroid cancers, which are primarily treated surgically, there were no gender‐related differences in outcomes. Although no differences in tumor stage or compliance were identified, male AYAs experienced less toxicity and lower response rates to chemotherapy (p = 0.008). Young males account almost entirely for excess mortality from chemosensitive cancers of adolescence and young adulthood compared to children, which may be due to relative underdosing with current chemotherapy dosing algorithms. © 2009 UICC

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Cancer in 15- to 29-Year-Olds by Primary Site

Cited by 228 publications

References 3 publications

Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Similar outcomes between adolescent/young adults and children with AML following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Gender‐specific activity of chemotherapy correlates with outcomes in chemosensitive cancers of young adulthood

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