Cancer immunotherapy

Hurwitz, Michael; Sokhn, Joseph; Petrylak, Daniel P.

doi:10.1097/mou.0000000000000345

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Clinical applications of immunotherapy include boosting the immune response with exogenous cytokines, administering vaccines for tumor-associated antigens, and activating targeted antibodies on the surface proteins of immune checkpoint molecules [18]. In normal physiology, immune checkpoints suppress the adaptive immune response to prevent incorrect or prolonged T-cell activation [25]. In this process, antigen presentation to the T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is the key component.…”

Section: The Rationale For Immunotherapy In Urothelial Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The binding of CD28 proteins on T cells to the proteins on APCs causes T-cell proliferation. The T cell inhibition cascade is activated after cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is bound to its ligands (B7-1 or B7-2), or when programmed death 1 (PD-1) protein binds to its PD-L1 ligand on the surface of tumor cells or APCs [25]. Cancer cells may evade the anti-tumor immune response by exploiting these immune checkpoint pathways and inhibiting the host immune cell (IC) proliferation [26].…”

Section: The Rationale For Immunotherapy In Urothelial Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Status and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Kim

Koo

2020

Cancers

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Advancements in the understanding of tumor immunology in urothelial carcinoma (UC) have led to U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of five novel anti-programmed cell death protein-1/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) checkpoint inhibitors. In 2017, the anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab and the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab gained approval for use in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic UC. These approvals were based on single-arm trials, IMvigor210 (atezolizumab) and KEYNOTE-052 (pembrolizumab). Since then, additional checkpoint inhibitors, including avelumab, durvalumab, and nivolumab, have gained approval. Preliminary results suggest additional benefits with combinations of these agents in both first- and subsequent-line therapies, inferring a paradigm shift in the future treatment approach in advanced UC. Ongoing clinical trials will investigate how to utilize predictive biomarkers for optimal patient selection and to incorporate immunotherapy into earlier lines of multimodal treatment. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the evidence supporting the use of checkpoint inhibitors for patients with UC, and highlight ongoing clinical trials that are investigating novel combinations of immunotherapy in various disease settings.

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Section: The Rationale For Immunotherapy In Urothelial Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Rationale For Immunotherapy In Urothelial Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Kim

Koo

2020

Cancers

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“…21F-(b)(1) uyarınca, SEC bir kişinin ödül alabilmeye hak kazanıp kazanamayacağına karar vermektedir 147 . Muhbir, SEC'nin kriterlerine göre ödül almaya hak kazanırsa, SEC tarafından uygulanacak parasal yaptırımların %10-%30'u arasında muhbire bir ödeme yapılmaktadır 148 .…”

Section: A Tesla Payları üZerinde Elon Musk Tarafından İşlenen Piyas...unclassified

Market Manipulation Regulations and Sanctions for This Act in the United States of America

ÇOŞKUN¹

2022

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi

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Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) 1920’lerin başından itibaren, finansal piyasaların kötüye kullanılması problemi baş göstermiştir. Bu kapsamda, bilgi suiistimali (insider trading) ve piyasa dolandırıcılığını (market manipulation) da kapsayan ve üst bir başlık olarak adlandırılan piyasanın kötüye kullanılması (market abuse) fiili hem federal seviyede hem de tüm eyaletlerde yasaklanmıştır. Özelikle eyalet düzeyinde piyasanın kötüye kullanılması fiilinin yasaklanmasına ilişkin düzenlemeler, ABD’deki finansal piyasalardaki hukuka aykırı faaliyetlerin önlenmesinde hayati bir rol üstlenmiştir. Öğretide “piyasa dolandırıcılığı” ile “manipülasyon” aynı anlamda kullanıldığından, çalışmamızda her iki terminolojiye de yer verilecektir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Kaliforniya, Delaware ve Vaşington eyaletlerindeki düzenlemelere kısaca değinildikten sonra federal düzeyde piyasa dolandırıcılığı fiilinin düzenleme yaklaşımı üzerinde durulacaktır. ABD’de hem federal seviyede hem de eyalet seviyesindeki düzenlemeler, bugün öğretide tartışılan finansal piyasalarda piyasanın kötüye kullanılmasının yasaklanmasına yönelik yaklaşımların temelini oluşturmaktadır. ABD’de piyasa dolandırıcılığı fiilini işleyen kişiler hakkında cezai ve idari yaptırımların yanı sıra, hukuki tazmin sorumluluğu da doğmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu fillerin tüzel kişi yetkilileri tarafından işlenmesi halinde, halka açık ortaklığın yönetim kurulu üyeliğinden men edilme, yerine bağımsız bir yönetim kurulu üyesi atanması, tesis edilecek para cezasının zarar gören yatırımcılara dağıtılması gibi etkili ve caydırıcı mekanizmalar öngörülmüştür. Dolayısıyla, piyasanın kötüye kullanılmasının yasaklanmasına ilişkin ABD düzenlemelerinin Türk hukukundan bağımsız olarak incelendiği bu çalışmada yer verilen değerlendirmeler, Türk sermaye piyasası hukukunda piyasa dolandırıcılığına ilişkin mevcut yasal düzenleme değişiklikleri bakımından yol gösterici olabilecek niteliktedir.

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“…58 Dendritic cells dysfunction is one of the major causations of BC, and the increase in the number and activity of mature DCs in tumor tissue by DC vaccine and other approaches can enhance the immune killing effect on tumor. 59 Wang et al indicated that B7-H1 silencing could enhance the antitumor effect of bladder cancer by antigen-expression DC, which provided a new strategy for BC immunotherapy. 60 Aside from BCG and DC vaccines, there are numerous reports on the use of immunotoxin coupled mAb, IFN-α, IL-2, etc.…”

Section: Immunotherapy and Biomarkers For Curative Effect Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hope and challenge: Precision medicine in bladder cancer

Jiang

Tao

et al. 2019

Cancer Medicine

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Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex disease and could be classified into nonmuscle‐invasive BC (NMIBC) or muscle‐invasive BC (MIBC) subtypes according to the distinct genetic background and clinical prognosis. Until now, the golden standard and confirmed diagnosis of BC is cystoscopy and the major problems of BC are the high rate of recurrence and high costs in the clinic. Recent molecular and genetic studies have provided perspectives on the novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of BC. In this article, we provided an overview of the traditional diagnostic approaches of BC, and introduced some new imaging, endoscopic, and immunological diagnostic technology in the accurate diagnosis of BC. Meanwhile, the minimally invasive precision treatment technique, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, gene therapy, and targeted therapy of BC were also included. Here, we will overview the diagnosis and therapy methods of BC used in clinical practice, focusing on their specificity, efficiency, and safety. On the basis of the discussion of the benefits of precision medicine in BC, we will also discuss the challenges and limitations facing the non‐invasive methods of diagnosis and precision therapy of BC. The molecularly targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches, and gene therapy methods to BC treatment improved the prognosis and overall survival of BC patients.

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Cancer immunotherapy

Abstract: The ICIs have changed the way urologic malignancies are treated and newer combinations are likely to alter the therapeutic landscape in these diseases dramatically in the coming years.

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Market Manipulation Regulations and Sanctions for This Act in the United States of America

Hope and challenge: Precision medicine in bladder cancer

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