Cancer immunoprevention

Finn, Olivera J.; Beatty, Pamela

doi:10.1016/j.coi.2016.01.002

Cited by 50 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Certainly, there are no cancer-associated hurdles to be overcome when a person is still healthy. This allows the vaccine to induce a protective immune response against the tumor antigens expressed by the type of cancer for which they are at risk [44]. Awareness of the regulatory authorities for this approach is very important to successfully combat cancer [45].…”

Section: Article Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of correctly timing cancer immunotherapy

Nejad

Welters

Arens

et al. 2016

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

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Introduction:The treatment options for cancer-surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy-are now supplemented with immunotherapy. Previously underappreciated but now gaining strong interest are the immune modulatory properties of the three conventional modalities. Moreover, there is a better understanding of the needs and potential of the different immune therapeutic platforms. Key to improved treatment will be the combinations of modalities that complete each other's shortcomings. Area covered: Tumor-specific T-cells are required for optimal immunotherapy. In this review, the authors focus on the correct timing of different types of chemotherapeutic agents or immune modulators and immunotherapeutic drugs, not only for the activation and expansion of tumor-specific Tcells but also to support and enhance their anti-tumor efficacy. Expert opinion: At an early phase of disease, clinical success can be obtained using single treatment modalities but at later disease stages, combinations of several modalities are required. The gain in success is determined by a thorough understanding of the direct and indirect immune effects of the modalities used. Profound knowledge of these effects requires optimal tuning of immunomonitoring. This will guide the appropriate combination of treatments and allow for correct sequencing the order and interval of the different therapeutic modalities. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Article Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of correctly timing cancer immunotherapy

Nejad

Welters

Arens

et al. 2016

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy

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“…The frontier in the field of cancer vaccines is the development of vaccines for the prevention of cancer (Finn & Beatty, 2016). The first FDA-approved prophylactic cancer vaccines prevent cancer indirectly by preventing infection with viruses known to cause cancer.…”

Section: Prophylactic Cancer Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After over 20 years of cancer vaccines being applied in advanced-stage cancer patients, only now are the first prophylactic cancer vaccines being tested in at-risk patients. Many existing vaccines that failed in clinical trials with late-stage cancer patients are appropriate candidates for testing in the prophylactic setting (Finn & Beatty, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current modalities in cancer immunotherapy: Immunomodulatory antibodies, CARs and vaccines

Lohmueller

Finn

2017

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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Successes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in curing patients with otherwise lethal cancers have validated immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer and have inspired excitement for its broader potential. Most promising is the ability of each approach to eliminate bulky and advanced-stage cancers and to achieve durable cures. Despite this success, to date only a subset of cancer patients and a limited number of cancer types respond to these therapies. A major goal now is to expand the types of cancer and number of patients who can be successfully treated. To this end a multitude of immunotherapies are being tested clinically in new combinations, and many new immunomodulatory antibodies and CARs are in development. A third major immunotherapeutic approach with renewed interest is cancer vaccines. While over 20 years of therapeutic cancer vaccine trials have met with limited success, these studies have laid the groundwork for the use of therapeutic vaccines in combination with other immunotherapies or alone as prophylactic cancer vaccines. Prophylactic vaccines are now poised to revolutionize cancer prevention as they have done for the prevention of infectious diseases. In this review we examine three major cancer immunotherapy modalities: immunomodulatory antibodies, CAR T cell therapy and vaccines. For each we describe the current state of the art and outline major challenges and research directions forward.

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“…1 Cancer vaccines applied to advanced tumors often fail, likely because of multiple immune escape mechanisms. On the contrary, vaccination of cancer prone mice succeeded in significantly delaying cancer onset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OX40 triggering concomitant to IL12-engineered cell vaccine hampers the immunoprevention of HER2/neu-driven mammary carcinogenesis

et al. 2018

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This study evaluated the effects of combining an OX40 agonistic antibody (aOX40) with a cell vaccine targeting HER2/neu, called “Triplex”. Such HER2/neu cell vaccine included two biological adjuvants (interleukin 12 (IL12) and allogeneic histocompatibility antigens) and was previously found able to prevent autochthonous HER2/neu-driven mammary carcinogenesis. Timing of aOX40 administration, concomitantly or after cell vaccination, gave opposite results. Unexpectedly, vaccine efficacy was hampered by concomitant OX40 triggering. Such decreased immunoprevention was likely due to a reduced induction of anti-HER2/neu antibodies and to a higher level of Treg activation. On the contrary, aOX40 administration after the completion of vaccination slightly but significantly increased immunopreventive vaccine efficacy, and led to increased production of GM-CSF and IL10. In conclusion, OX40 triggering can either impair or ameliorate immunoprevention of HER2/neu-driven mammary carcinogenesis depending on the schedule of aOX40 administration.

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Cancer immunoprevention

Cited by 50 publications

References 52 publications

The importance of correctly timing cancer immunotherapy

The importance of correctly timing cancer immunotherapy

Current modalities in cancer immunotherapy: Immunomodulatory antibodies, CARs and vaccines

OX40 triggering concomitant to IL12-engineered cell vaccine hampers the immunoprevention of HER2/neu-driven mammary carcinogenesis

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