Cancer gastrique au CHU Gabriel-Touré : aspects épidémiologique et diagnostique

Abstract

Le cancer de l'estomac est le deuxième cancer le plus fréquent au Mali. Objectifs : C'était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques du cancer de l'estomac. Méthodologie : Notre étude rétrospective de janvier 1999 à décembre 2008 a porté sur tous les malades opérés pour cancer gastrique dans le service de chirurgie générale du centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Gabriel-Touré de Bamako. Résultats : Nous avons enregistré 342 cas de cancer gastrique, soit 53,7 % des cancers digestifs. Deux tiers des malades étaient du sexe masculin. L'âge moyen était de 51,8 ans ; l'écart-type de 12,9 ; les extrêmes : entre 24 et 98 ans. Le mode de conservation alimentaire, la consommation de poisson fumé et du tô avec potasse ont été les facteurs de risque suspectés. Les signes cliniques étaient l'épigastralgie (91,4 %) ; les vomissements (81,6 %) ; l'amaigrissement (96,8 %) et une masse épigastrique palpable chez 30,4 % des malades. Chez 316 malades (94 %), le cancer était diagnostiqué au stade TNM III et IV. Le siège antropylorique a été plus fréquent, 298 cas (87,1 %). L'adénocarcinome a été le type histologique le plus fréquent (92,7 %) ; quatre cas de lymphome malin non hodgkinien et trois cas de tumeurs stromales ont été retrouvés. Conclusion : Le cancer gastrique est le premier cancer en chirurgie digestive au Mali, son pronostic reste mauvais à cause du diagnostic tardif. Pour citer cette revue : J. Afr. Cancer 3 (2011). Mots clés Cancers · Estomac · Épidémiologie · MaliAbstract Gastric cancer is the second most frequent cancer in Mali. Aims: To describe epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of gastric cancer. Method: Our retrospective study from January 1999 to December 2008 covered all patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer in the general surgery department of the Gabriel-Touré teaching hospital, Bamako (Mali). Results: We recorded 342 cases of gastric cancer, which represents 53.7% of digestive tract cancers. Two thirds of the patients were male. The mean age was 51.8 ± 12.9 years (24-98 years). The method used for food conservation was a suspected risk factor. The clinical signs were epigastric pain 91.4%; vomiting 81.6%; loss of weight 96.8% and a palpable epigastric mass in 30.4% of the patients. In 316 patients (94%), cancer was diagnosed at stages TNM III and IV. It was most commonly located in the pyloric antrum, 298 cases (87.1%). The commonest histological type was adenocarcinoma (92.7%); There were 4 cases of malignant lymphoma and 3 stromal tumors were found. Conclusion: Gastric cancer is the most common type of cancer encountered in gastro-intestinal surgery in Mali. Its prognosis remains poor because of delays in diagnosis.

Epidemiological, Clinical, and Pathological Characteristics of Gastric Carcinoma in The Northwest Region of Algeria: A Single Center Study

“…Antropyloric regions were most affected in the present study (46.6%) followed by fundus regions (32.8%). These data are very similar to those reported by two studies (Togo et al, 2011) and(Amegbor et al, 2008). According to Layke & Lopez, 2004 Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a high antropyloric localization.38.2% of the cases had atrophic chronic gastritis as a precancerous lesion, while 16.8% had acute or chronic gastritis.…”

“…Tang et al, 2021 found that intestinal type was more prevalent than diffuse types (71.11% vs 28.9%). The majority of patients were diagnosed at advanced and metastatic stages (77.1%) of cancer, which is consistent with data provided by (Togo et al, 2011). Moreover, 22 patients (17.8%) presented with distant metastases, including two patients (1.5%) that had two sites of metastasis.…”

Histopathological Analysis of Gastric Cancers in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital: A 20-Year Review

“…In Lagos 7.6% of the cases studied were mesenchymal tumours while malignant stromal tumours accounted for 6.1% of all gastric malignancies 16,46 cases seen in Ibadan. In Mali and Morocco 0.9% and 3.2% of their cases were mesenchymal malignancy 37,47 respectively. All the mesenchymal malignancies seen in this study were leiomyosarcoma and represents 2.8% of all gastric malignancies.…”