Cancer Diagnosis Using Terahertz-Graphene-Metasurface-Based Biosensor with Dual-Resonance Response

Abstract

Owing to the outstanding physical properties of graphene, its biosensing applications implemented by the terahertz metasurface are widely concerned and studied. Here, we present a novel design of the graphene metasurface, which consists of an individual graphene ring and an H-shaped graphene structure. The graphene metasurface exhibits a dual-resonance response, whose resonance frequency strongly varies with the geometrical parameters of the proposed metasurface, the carrier density of graphene, and the analyte composition. The transparency window, including width and position, can be artificially controlled by adjusting the geometrical parameters or the Fermi energy. Furthermore, the sensing parameters of the graphene metasurface for cancerous and normal cells are investigated, focusing on two factors, namely cell quantity and position on the metasurface. The simulated results clearly show that the theoretical sensitivity, figure of merit, and quantity of the graphene metasurface for breast cells reach 1.21 THz/RIU, 2.75 RIU−1, and 2.43, respectively. Our findings may open up new avenues for promising applications in the diagnosis of cancers.

Terahertz-Graphene-Metasurface Based Biosensor with Dual-Resonance Response as a tool for cancer detection using cell specific frequency

“…The metasurface presents a behavior of dual-resonance response, which may be favorable for improving the sensing capacity of human cancers. The dual-resonance feature is controlled by adjusting the spacing size, but is unchanged by the gap size of the Hshaped microstructure and the carrier density of graphene [12]. The size and position of the transparency window are highly sensitive to the geometrical parameters of the proposed metasurface and the carrier density of graphene.…”

“…Such a graphene metasurface achieves an acceptable S, FOM, and Q, and the corresponding values are 1.21 THz/RIU, 2.75 RIU-1, and 2.43, respectively. This may offer new possibilities for exploiting graphene or other 2D materials as sensing materials for cancer diagnosis [12]. Содержимое доступно по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC-BY 4.0) of cell-specific frequency for all cell types, especially non-communicable diseases as cancer [20].…”

“…The graphene metasurface exhibits a dual-resonance response, whose resonance frequency considerably varies with the geometrical parameters of the proposed metasurface,the carrier density of graphene, and the analyte composition. The transparency window, including width and position, can be artificially controlled by adjusting the geometrical parameters or the Fermi energy [12].…”

“…The incident plane wave with y-polarization propagates vertically in a direction paralleling to the z-axis to the graphene metasurface. The transmission spectrum as a function of the incident wavelengths and the electric field distributions at resonance peaks are calculated in the fullwave electromagnetic simulator, COMSOL Multiphysics [12]. In order to obtain the response characteristic of the graphene metasurface in the THz domain, wan effective surface conductivity approach was used to characterize the graphene monolayer.…”

Gaussian Curvature Effects on Graphene Quantum Dots

“…While early stages of graphene research were centered on its theoretical aspects [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], after the successful isolation of a single sheet of graphitic material by Geim and Novoselov in 2004 [ 5 ], there has been a long trend of advancements populated with experimental confirmation of predicted properties, the discovery of new and exotic phenomena, and improvements to the synthesis methods for this material. The ever-growing list of potential applications of graphene spreads across many fields due to its outstanding properties and exotic behaviors, such as engineering [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], medicine [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], sensor fabrication [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], catalysis [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], energy storage and management [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], and flexible and high-performance electronic devices [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Graphene nanostructures have had even greater potential since the discovery of superconductivity in bilayer graphene [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”