Cancer chemoprevention: Much has been done, but there is still much to do. State of the art and possible new approaches

Serrano, Davide; Lazzeroni, Matteo; Bonanni, Bernardo

doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2014.12.006

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Important advances have been made in the field of cancer chemoprevention in the past 30 years however, there are also many inconsistent and negative results . There is even the statement that “Chemoprevention of cancer is an almost universal failure” .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned from cancer prevention studies with nutrients and non‐nutritive dietary constituents

Yang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2016

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Epidemiological studies have observed the association between dietary patterns and the risk of certain types of cancer. Extensive studies have been conducted on the cancer preventive activities of constituents from food and beverages. While laboratory research has shown impressive and promising results, such promising cancer preventive activities have not been demonstrated in many human intervention trials. This article analyzes the major differences between these different types of studies and the limitations of these studies. Animal and cell line studies usually use optimal conditions in order to demonstrate the hypothesized effects, sometimes without considering the human relevance. On the other hand, some clinical trials were designed without a good understanding of the biochemical and pharmacological properties of the agents used. Lessons learned from these studies will be illustrated using vitamin E, β-carotene and selenium as examples for nutrients, and green tea polyphenols as an example for non-nutritive dietary constituents. From the lessons learned, we believe that more interdisciplinary collaboration and integration of laboratory and human studies would effectively advance the field of cancer prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned from cancer prevention studies with nutrients and non‐nutritive dietary constituents

Yang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2016

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…Breast cancer is classified into four major molecular subtypes based on a few biomarkers such as hormone receptors (HRs), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and/or extra copies of the HER2 gene [ 3 ]. The subtypes i.e., luminal A (HR+/HER2−), luminal B (HR+/HER2+), HER2+, and triple-negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone and HER2-), have each different risk factors for incidence, disease progression, preferential organ sites of metastases, and therapeutic response [ 4 ]. Although surgery and current chemotherapy have shown positive treatment outcome for breast cancers, more effective drugs are still urgently needed to improve the drug selectivity and to overcome drug-resistance [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioguided Fractionation of Local Plants against Matrix Metalloproteinase9 and Its Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Models: In Silico and In Vitro Study

et al. 2020

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Matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9) is known to be highly expressed during metastatic cancer where most known potential inhibitors failed in the clinical trials. This study aims to select local plants in our state, as anti-breast cancer agent with hemopexin-like domain of MMP9 (PEX9) as the selective protein target. In silico screening for PEX9 inhibitors was performed from our in house-natural compound database to identify the plants. The selected plants were extracted using methanol and then a step-by-step in vitro screening against MMP9 was performed from its crude extract, partitions until fractions using FRET-based assay. The partitions were obtained by performing liquid–liquid extraction on the methanol extract using n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water representing nonpolar to polar solvents. The fractions were made from the selected partition, which demonstrated the best inhibition percentage toward MMP9, using column chromatography. Of the 200 compounds screened, 20 compounds that scored the binding affinity −11.2 to −8.1 kcal/mol toward PEX9 were selected as top hits. The binding of these hits were thoroughly investigated and linked to the plants which they were reported to be isolated from. Six of the eight crude extracts demonstrated inhibition toward MMP9 with the IC50 24 to 823 µg/mL. The partitions (1 mg/mL) of Ageratum conyzoides aerial parts and Ixora coccinea leaves showed inhibition 94% and 96%, whereas their fractions showed IC50 43 and 116 µg/mL, respectively toward MMP9. Using MTT assay, the crude extract of Ageratum exhibited IC50 22 and 229 µg/mL against 4T1 and T47D cell proliferations, respectively with a high safety index concluding its potential anti-breast cancer from herbal.

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“…Where this is the case, immunoprevention is not expected to play a role. However, there is a wide range of conditions that fall on the boundary line between high-risk preneoplasia and early neoplasia, for which surgery might not be the treatment of choice and which are currently often left untreated, or are only treated with low efficiency chemopreventive agents [ 10 ]. There is currently a lack of highly effective approaches to the prevention of progression in oral leukoplakia, asbestosis, and monoclonal gammopathies, to name only a few.…”

Section: Cancer Prevention: a Primermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Promise of Preventive Cancer Vaccines

2015

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Years of unsuccessful attempts at fighting established tumors with vaccines have taught us all that they are only able to truly impact patient survival when used in a preventive setting, as would normally be the case for traditional vaccines against infectious diseases. While true primary cancer prevention is still but a long-term goal, secondary and tertiary prevention are already in the clinic and providing encouraging results. A combination of immunopreventive cancer strategies and recently approved checkpoint inhibitors is a further promise of forthcoming successful cancer disease control, but prevention will require a considerable reduction of currently reported toxicities. These considerations summed with the increased understanding of tumor antigens allow space for an optimistic view of the future.

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Cancer chemoprevention: Much has been done, but there is still much to do. State of the art and possible new approaches

Cited by 28 publications

References 81 publications

Lessons learned from cancer prevention studies with nutrients and non‐nutritive dietary constituents

Lessons learned from cancer prevention studies with nutrients and non‐nutritive dietary constituents

Bioguided Fractionation of Local Plants against Matrix Metalloproteinase9 and Its Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Models: In Silico and In Vitro Study

The Promise of Preventive Cancer Vaccines

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