Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids

Dakubo, Gabriel D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24725-6

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Then the predicted probability (ROMA index) was computed as follows: ROMA value (%) = e Pt ∕ (1 + e Pt ) × 100 12 . ROMA values < 7.4% or ≥ 7.4% were used to discriminate low risk and high risk results for premenopausal women 20 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pregnancy-Related Conditions on Human Epididymis Protein 4 Serum Levels in Comparison to CA 125 – a Prospective Cohort Trial

Azim

Mutz-Dehbalaie

Wieser

et al. 2021

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd

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Introduction HE4 and CA 125, two established biomarkers for assessing adnexal masses in non-pregnant women, are hardly investigated in pregnancy, especially in pregnancy-associated conditions. The aim was to evaluate HE4 and CA 125 levels in the course of pregnancy and to assess the impact of pregnancy disorders, contractions and rupture of membranes on HE4 and CA 125 serum levels in order to use these parameters for evaluation of adnexal masses in pregnancy. Patients and Methods Blood samples (n = 238) of 201 women seen at the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, were prospectively obtained during pregnancy and postpartum. Serum concentrations of HE4 and CA 125 were analyzed. ROMA index was calculated by the premenopausal formula. Results HE4 serum levels were highest in the third trimester. Contractions (p < 0.001), rupture of membranes (p = 0.005) and pregnancy-associated diseases (p = 0.003) were associated with higher HE4 levels. As much as 97.5% of HE4 measurements remained below the recommended cut-off for premenopausal women (70 pmol/l). CA 125 levels were not altered by pregnancy-associated conditions. Generally, CA 125 exhibited a wider serum level variability, exceeding the established cut-off of 35 U/ml in 16.4%. Conclusions HE4 serum levels are influenced by several pregnancy-related conditions leading to significantly higher levels in these cases. Despite differing medians according to trimester, the 95th percentile cut-offs and almost all maximum values during the entire course of pregnancy were below the established cut-off for premenopausal women. It was also superior to the performance of ROMA index. Therefore, HE4 can be used as a valuable negative predictive marker for the assessment of adnexal masses during pregnancy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pregnancy-Related Conditions on Human Epididymis Protein 4 Serum Levels in Comparison to CA 125 – a Prospective Cohort Trial

Azim

Mutz-Dehbalaie

Wieser

et al. 2021

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd

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“…The idea of liquid biopsy is to sample the biomarkers found in the non-solid biological tissue for analysis of disease status. Different biological substances such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free nucleic acids, exosomes, or proteins can be sampled and analyzed in various body fluids such as blood or urine [2,3]. In particular, the blood is the most widely used sampling source of liquid biopsy due to the rich information it carries and because it is easy to access [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsy, ctDNA Diagnosis through NGS

Chen

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2021

Life

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Liquid biopsy with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling by next-generation sequencing holds great promise to revolutionize clinical oncology. It relies on the basis that ctDNA represents the real-time status of the tumor genome which contains information of genetic alterations. Compared to tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy possesses great advantages such as a less demanding procedure, minimal invasion, ease of frequent sampling, and less sampling bias. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods have come to a point that both the cost and performance are suitable for clinical diagnosis. Thus, profiling ctDNA by NGS technologies is becoming more and more popular since it can be applied in the whole process of cancer diagnosis and management. Further developments of liquid biopsy ctDNA testing will be beneficial for cancer patients, paving the way for precision medicine. In conclusion, profiling ctDNA with NGS for cancer diagnosis is both biologically sound and technically convenient.

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The involvement of oncobiosis and bacterial metabolite signaling in metastasis formation in breast cancer

Kovàcs

Mikó

Ujlaki

et al. 2021

Cancer Metastasis Rev

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Breast cancer, the most frequent cancer in women, is characterized by pathological changes to the microbiome of breast tissue, the tumor, the gut, and the urinary tract. Changes to the microbiome are determined by the stage, grade, origin (NST/lobular), and receptor status of the tumor. This year is the 50th anniversary of when Hill and colleagues first showed that changes to the gut microbiome can support breast cancer growth, namely that the oncobiome can reactivate excreted estrogens. The currently available human and murine data suggest that oncobiosis is not a cause of breast cancer, but can support its growth. Furthermore, preexisting dysbiosis and the predisposition to cancer are transplantable. The breast’s and breast cancer’s inherent microbiome and the gut microbiome promote breast cancer growth by reactivating estrogens, rearranging cancer cell metabolism, bringing about a more inflammatory microenvironment, and reducing the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Furthermore, the gut microbiome can produce cytostatic metabolites, the production of which decreases or blunts breast cancer. The role of oncobiosis in the urinary tract is largely uncharted. Oncobiosis in breast cancer supports invasion, metastasis, and recurrence by supporting cellular movement, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell function, and diapedesis. Finally, the oncobiome can modify the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs. The microbiome provides novel leverage on breast cancer that should be exploited for better management of the disease.

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Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Influence of Pregnancy-Related Conditions on Human Epididymis Protein 4 Serum Levels in Comparison to CA 125 – a Prospective Cohort Trial

Influence of Pregnancy-Related Conditions on Human Epididymis Protein 4 Serum Levels in Comparison to CA 125 – a Prospective Cohort Trial

Liquid Biopsy, ctDNA Diagnosis through NGS

The involvement of oncobiosis and bacterial metabolite signaling in metastasis formation in breast cancer

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