“…The resulting oxidative stress leads to eventual mitochondrial dysfunction or destruction, which has been implicated in the pathology or progression of conditions not typically associated with IR, such as multiple sclerosis, 63,64,65 AD, 66,67 Parkinson's disease 68,69 and cancer. 44,70 Chronic hyperinsulinemia may promote systemic inflammation, 71 in part by influencing desaturase enzymes involved in the inflammatory process (via catalysing the conversion of omega-6 linoleic acid into inflammatory prostaglandins and other signalling molecules). 72 Chronic, unresolved inflammation and oxidative stress are increasingly recognised as underlying factors in atherosclerosis and other forms of heart disease.…”