“…The spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to other organs (metastasis) is responsible for the deaths of most patients with cancer. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Unfortunately, established methods for detecting tumors, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathology, and X-ray imaging, are not particularly useful in diagnosing early tumors due to insufficient sensitivity and specicity and the hazards of radioactivity. 7,8 In recent years, uorescence probe imaging has emerged as a promising technique for cancer diagnosis due to its noninvasive nature and high sensitivity.…”