Cancellation of the Sigma Mode in the Thermal Pion Gas by Quark Pauli Blocking

Abstract

In this study, we calculate the pressure of the interacting pion gas using the Beth–Uhlenbeck approach to the relativistic virial expansion with Breit–Wigner phase shifts for the σ- and ϱ-meson resonances. The repulsive phase shift δ02 is taken from the quark interchange model of Barnes and Swanson, which is in very good agreement with the experimental data. In this work we show that the cancellation of the attractive (I = 0) and repulsive (I = 2) isospin channel contributions to the scalar ππ interaction in the low-energy region that is known for the vacuum phase shifts also takes place at a finite temperature. This happens despite the strong medium dependence of these phase shifts that enters our model by the temperature dependence of the σ-meson and constituent quark masses, because for these masses the relation Mσ(T)≈2mq(T) holds and the scattering length approximation is valid as long as the strong decay channel σ→ππ is open. Exploiting the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model for describing the dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry in the vacuum and its restoration at a finite temperature, we justify with our approach that the σ-meson should be absent from the hadron resonance gas description at low temperatures because the above cancellation holds. However, since this cancellation breaks down in the vicinity of the hadronization transition, where due to chiral symmetry restoration the decay channel σ→ππ closes and the σ-meson becomes a good resonance, the latter should be included into the statistical model description of chemical freeze-out in heavy-ion collisions.