Canavanine Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Roots

Abstract

Canavanine (CAN) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid, and its toxicity comes from its utilization instead of arginine in many cellular processes. As presented in previous experiments, supplementation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with CAN led to decreased nitric oxide (NO) level and induced secondary oxidative stress. CAN improved total antioxidant capacity in roots, with parallel inhibition of enzymatic antioxidants. The aim of this work was to determine how CAN-dependent limitation of NO emission and reactive oxygen species overproduction impact content, localization, and metabolism of phenolic compounds (PCs) in tomato roots. Tomato seedlings were fed with CAN (10 and 50 µM) for 24 or 72 h. Inhibition of root growth due to CAN supplementation correlated with increased concentration of total PCs; CAN (50 µM) led to the homogeneous accumulation of PCs all over the roots. CAN increased also flavonoids content in root tips. The activity of polyphenol oxidases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased only after prolonged treatment with 50 µM CAN, while expressions of genes encoding these enzymes were modified variously, irrespectively of CAN dosage and duration of the culture. PCs act as the important elements of the cellular antioxidant system under oxidative stress induced by CAN.

Designed Polyhydroxyproline Helical Peptide with Ultrarobust Antifouling Capability for Electrochemical Sensing in Diverse Complex Biological Fluids

“…Indeed, the analysis of the adsorption of Fe 3+ with ZIP indicated that the strongest adsorption occurs due to coordination interactions between Fe 3+ and the carboxyl groups of the peptide. This coordination interaction was visually represented in Figure S11D, highlighting the specific binding sites and the formation of coordination complexes between Fe 3+ ions and the carboxyl groups in ZIP . This coordination complex contributed to a stronger binding affinity and stability, making it more difficult for Fe 3+ to desorb from the ZIP surface compared to other ions.…”

“…This coordination interaction was visually represented in Figure S11D, highlighting the specific binding sites and the formation of coordination complexes between Fe 3+ ions and the carboxyl groups in ZIP. 20 This coordination complex contributed to a stronger binding affinity and stability, making it more difficult for Fe 3+ to desorb from the ZIP surface compared to other ions.…”

Plant Responses to Herbivory, Wounding, and Infection

“…The production of toxic canavanine is mainly limited to Fabaceae species. Seeds of Canavalia, Dioclea, Hedysarum, and Medicago sativa L. are rich in canavanine [156]. Some insect herbivores (e.g., Drosophila species) avoid feeding on plants containing canavanine, demonstrating its toxicity and repellent effects against insects [157].…”

ROS and RNS Alterations in the Digestive Fluid of Nepenthes × ventrata Trap at Different Developmental Stages

“…Furthermore, many of the known PCs can directly or indirectly interact with ROS. These endogenous growth regulators can chelate copper and iron ions and, thus, they are able to reduce free-radical formation due to the Fenton reaction [ 38 ].…”