Canadian Sovereignty Linked to Energy Development in the Arctic

Beauchamp, Benoı̂t; Huebert, Rob

doi:10.14430/arctic62

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“….]. When no one was talking about actually developing Arctic resources, the many sovereignty issues could be and were ignored’ (Beauchamp and Huebert 2008: 342). In practice, many continue to be ignored, though the stakes involved in the symbolic politics of Arctic territory have grown as resource extraction has become a growing possibility.…”

Section: Changing Arctic Environmental Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, many continue to be ignored, though the stakes involved in the symbolic politics of Arctic territory have grown as resource extraction has become a growing possibility. Though all Arctic states continue to emphasise the absence of conventional military threats in the region and reaffirm their commitments to peaceful resolution of Arctic disputes, many have also securitised Arctic energy, with Canada, Norway, and Russia constructing Arctic resources as central to their national economic security interests (Beauchamp and Huebert 2008; Jensen and Skedsmo 2010; Jensen 2012). Thus, while there is little evidence the warming environment will directly result in interstate violence, the opening of the Arctic has led to a renewed emphasis on military activity, and the prospect of resource wealth has raised the stakes for states asserting and defending their Arctic sovereignty claims.…”

Section: Changing Arctic Environmental Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Securing sustainability: the case for critical environmental security in the Arctic

Greaves¹

2016

Polar Record

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The politics, economies, and ecology of the Arctic region are experiencing fundamental transformation driven largely by human-caused environmental change. Drawing on the work of Robert Cox, this article presents a critical account of environmental security that allows security issues in the Arctic to be reconceptualised. It outlines the environmental changes transforming the Arctic, and theorises the Arctic as a regional environmental security complex in which conditions of security for state and non-state referent objects are predicated on a particular ecological context. It then surveys state- and human security issues in the Arctic, and argues that environmental change has destabilised the ecological base on which the contemporary Arctic as a cooperative region supportive of human activity has been built. The article concludes by outlining alternative ways of conceiving of Arctic security that are more compatible with maintaining the region's ecological base, and suggests that dominant approaches to Arctic security are pathological because they remain premised on the control, extraction and consumption of hydrocarbon resources. It argues that, in the context of the geological Anthropocene, security cannot be sustainable if it fails to address the relationship between human wellbeing and human-caused environmental change, or informs practices that further contribute to environmental change.

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Section: Changing Arctic Environmental Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changing Arctic Environmental Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing sustainability: the case for critical environmental security in the Arctic

Greaves¹

2016

Polar Record

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“…Since the early 1900s, there has been a clear increase in ship travel through the arctic region, specifically the NWP, with the most dramatic increase in the last 30 years (Brigham and Ellis 2004). Arctic shipping is also predicted to increase as a result of further industrial development, including potential oil and gas development (Bates and Alverson 2010;Beauchamp and Huebert 2008;Daoust et al 2010). For example, in the Qikiqtani Region of Nunavut there is a proposed iron ore mine and associated facilities called the Mary River Project (Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation 2007).…”

Section: Arctic Marine Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policies and practicalities of shipping in arctic waters: Inuit perspectives from Cape Dorset, Nunavut

Kelley

Ljubicic

2012

Polar Geography

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Under changing climatic conditions, political and economic interest in accessing arctic waters and shipping potential is increasing, bringing forward opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed. To explore the practical implications of this from Inuit perspectives, we undertook a community-based case study in Cape Dorset, Nunavut, conducting 20 interviews between 2008 and 2009. We also examined three Nunavut Acts and Agreements, three Canadian Federal Acts, and one International Agreement to better understand the regulations and policy positions. For each we sought to understand characterizations of: community uses of the marine environment; impacts of shipping; and monitoring of ship travel. Our objective was to investigate how well (or not) Inuit experiences and observations of arctic shipping were incorporated into policy provisions governing shipping in arctic waters. A comparative analysis of Inuit and policy positions shows shared and unique priorities as well as areas of apparent disconnect related to shipping in arctic waters. Therefore, this article highlights key considerations for arctic shipping from both practical and policy perspectives. We conclude with recommendations relating to undertaking community consultations, establishing the Marine Council, improving emergency response measures, and updating existing Acts and Agreements in an effort to contribute to ameliorate the situation for mutual benefit.

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“…All of the states competing for the Arctic state clearly and unambiguously that the deposits of mineral resources lying dormant under the Arctic Ocean's seabed are the main motivation behind their attempts to seize the largest possible piece of the Arctic pie (Beauchamp and Huebert, 2008;Kijewski, 2009;Osica, 2010). The President of Russia, Dmitry Medvedev, has stated his intention to transform the Arctic into the Russian resource base of the 21st century and expressed his belief that "there are obvious attempts to limit Russia's access to the exploitation of deposits located in the Arctic" (Anon., 2010).…”

Section: The Arctic's Natural Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do They Need the Arctic? The First Partition of the Sea

Janicki

2012

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. The political situation of the Arctic still remains unstable. In the past decade, a combination of the specific regulations of the Convention on the Law of the Sea and the phenomenon of Arctic ice-cover shrinkage have produced a significant increase in the political activity of some of the countries interested in the region. It is commonly thought that the roots of the Arctic conflict lie in the abundant mineral resources, particularly petroleum and natural gas, that lie under the Arctic seabed. By analyzing geological data on the location of oil deposits and by taking into account the technological and macroeconomic conditions that must be fulfilled in order to exploit them, it is possible to conclude that the exploitation of these deposits will most likely not be attempted in the areas under dispute in the coming decades. This conclusion suggests that the motives behind the Arctic conflict are political, and not economic.Key words: Arctic, Convention on the Law of the Sea, conflict, resources, crude oil, peak oil RÉSUMÉ. À ce jour, la situation politique de l'Arctique demeure instable. Cette dernière décennie, les règlements spécifiques découlant de la Convention sur le droit de la mer, alliés au phénomène de la diminution de la couverture de glace arctique, se sont traduits par une activité politique considérablement accrue de la part de certains des pays intéressés par la région. On pense généralement que le conflit de l'Arctique est attribuable aux ressources minérales abondantes qui se trouvent sous le plancher océanique de l'Arctique, plus particulièrement le pétrole et le gaz naturel. À la lumière de l'analyse des données géologiques portant sur l'emplacement des gisements de pétrole et des conditions technologiques et macroéconomiques devant être remplies pour les exploiter, il est possible de conclure qu'il faudra vraisemblablement plusieurs décennies avant que l'exploitation de ces gisements ne soit entreprise dans les régions visées par le conflit. On en conclut donc que les motifs derrière le conflit de l'Arctique sont de nature politique, et non pas économique.Mots clés : Arctique, Convention sur le droit de la mer, conflit, ressources, pétrole brut, pic pétrolier Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nicole Giguère.

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Canadian Sovereignty Linked to Energy Development in the Arctic

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Securing sustainability: the case for critical environmental security in the Arctic

Securing sustainability: the case for critical environmental security in the Arctic

Policies and practicalities of shipping in arctic waters: Inuit perspectives from Cape Dorset, Nunavut

Why Do They Need the Arctic? The First Partition of the Sea

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