Can you make a computer understand and produce art?

Abstract

Although artificial intelligence techniques have been successfully applied to reproduce many rational features of human behaviour, a great barrier has been encountered in simulating human activities where intuition and emotion are involved. Art making and viewing are processes where typically rational and mechanical aspects interact with aesthetic and cognitive criteria. Can you make a computer understand and autonomously produce art?The main purpose of this paper is to present the most relevant approaches in the study of art perception and creation via computer, focusing on the results achieved in artistic computer graphics.

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“…Can a computer create art? This dilemma was posed by Maiocchi [ 11 ] more than three decades ago, and there is a need to provide an answer to it by analysing the most relevant approaches in the study of perception and creation of computer art, focusing on results obtained in artistic infographics. Maiocchi pointed out that there was still a long way to go.…”

“…Today, we live in a technological society, where AI [ 1 ] and other emerging technologies, such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things or IoT [ 2 ], digital twins [ 3 , 4 ] and blockchain [ 5 ], are being incorporated into daily lives at great speed, making it critical to understand the processes that are carried out [ 6 , 7 ]. AI represents one of the most promising paradigms [ 8 , 9 ], comprising systems that have analysis capabilities capable of emulating human cognition [ [10] , [11] , [12] ]. The technology is imposing itself in different sectors of society, business, and life in general, and its application is following exponential development in various topics, including design, transportation systems, nanoscience, biotechnology, education, sustainability, etc.…”

“…Art is not exempt from the use of information technologies in general and AI in particular [ 13 ]. For instance, robotics have been used in the artistic creation of paintings [ 11 , 12 , 17 ], big data and machine learning have been used in product design [ 18 , 19 ], and the Internet of Things [ 20 , 21 ] and blockchain have shown effectiveness in improving the traceability of works of art [ 22 , 23 ]. In this sense, AI can have multiple applications in artistic manifestations [ 24 ], yet research works that address this issue (the intersection of AI and art) are very recent, as art has traditionally been associated with human activity and social sciences.…”