Can wood-decaying urban macrofungi be identified by using fuzzy interference system? An example in Central European Ganoderma species

Abstract

Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus of wood-decaying basidiomycetous macrofungi that can rot the roots and/or lower trunk. Among the standing trees, their presence often indicates that a hazard assessment may be necessary. These bracket fungi are commonly known for the crust-like upper surfaces of their basidiocarps and formation of white rot. Six species occur in central European urban habitats. Several of them, such as Ganoderma adspersum, G. applanatum, G. resinaceum and G. pfeifferi, are most hazardous fungi causing extensive horizontal stem decay in urban trees. Therefore, their early identification is crucial for correct management of trees. In this paper, a fast technique is tested for the determination of phytopathologically important urban macrofungi using fuzzy interference system of Sugeno type based on 13 selected traits of 72 basidiocarps of six Ganoderma species and compared to the ITS sequence based determination. Basidiocarps features were processed for the following situations: At first, the FIS of Sugeno 2 type (without basidiospore sizes) was used and 57 Ganoderma basidiocarps (79.17%) were correctly determined. Determination success increased to 96.61% after selecting basidiocarps with critical values (15 basidiocarps). These undeterminable basidiocarps must be analyzed by molecular methods. In a case, that basidiospore sizes of some basidiocarps were known, a combination of Sugeno 1 (31 basidiocarps with known basidiospore size) and Sugeno 2 (41 basidiocarps with unknown basidiospore size) was used. 84.72% of Ganoderma basidiocarps were correctly identified. Determination success increased to 96.83% after selecting basidiocarps with critical values (11 basidiocarps).

First Record of Ganoderma multipileum Associated with Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. Die-back in Vietnam

“…Over the approximately 3-year observation period for royal poinciana tree symptoms following G. multipileum parasitization, the tree lost its leaves and died. Some reports show that stresses and aging are also agents affecting parasites of Ganoderma species in plants(Kües et al, 2015;Michalíková et al, 2021). This study contributed to the discovery of G. multipileum.…”

Phylogenetic analysis and morphology of Ganoderma multipileum, a Ganoderma species associated with dieback of the metropolitan woody plant Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. in Vietnam

“…43 As a result of infection, the xylem cells in the affected tree become necrotic, impeding the transport of water and minerals to the leaves and other parts of the plant. 47 Among the Ganoderma species, G. adspersum, G. applanatum, G. resinaceum, and G. pfeifferi are known to be highly detrimental fungi in urban landscapes in Europe, 48 while G. boninense primarily affects oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia. 1,49 In the United States, pathogens affecting landscape trees include G. applanatum, G. boninense, the G. lucidum complex, G. sessile, and G. zonatum.…”

New Teaching and Learning Methods For The Post-Pandemic Time

“…Faculty and students successfully tested this technique to determine central European Ganoderma species. (Michalíková, et al, 2021).…”