Can Wistar rats be used as the normotensive controls for nerve morphometry investigations in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)?

Sanada, Luciana Sayuri; Tavares, Marcelo Rodrigo; Neubern, Milena Cardoso Maia; Salgado, Hélio César; Fazan, Valéria Paula Sassoli

doi:10.1590/s0102-86502011000600018

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…All sural nerves included in this study showed good preservation of structures and general morphological characteristics of the sural nerve fascicles of WR, WR + STZ, SHR and SHR + STZ were similar to those previously described [ 2 , 7 , 17 , 18 ]. The comparisons between segments for all groups showed no endoneural morphological differences on the same side.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Both right and left sural nerves, from their origin in the hip (5–7 mm distal to the greater trochanter) through their distal branching at the lateral malleolus level, were carefully dissected without stretching, removed in one piece and placed in the fixative solution for an additional 12 hour. They were washed in cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, and proximal (close to the origin) and distal (close to terminal branching) segments (of approximately 3 mm each) were cut and processed for epoxy resin embedding (EMbed-812®, Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA) as described previously [ 2 , 7 , 17 , 18 ]. Samples of all four experimental groups were histologically processed at once so that they were submitted to absolutely the same experimental conditions throughout the experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The images were sent via a digital camera (TK- 1270, JVC, Victor Company of Japan Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) to an IBM/PC where they were digitized. The study of nerve fascicles, myelinated fibers and endoneural space were performed following the methods developed in our laboratory [ 2 , 7 , 17 - 21 ]. Morphometric data obtained were: fascicular area and diameter, myelinated fiber number and density, Schwann cell nuclei number and density, area and diameter of each myelinated fiber (defined by the axon and its respective myelin sheath, excluding the Schwann cell nucleus when present) and respective axon (fiber excluding the myelin sheath) and myelin sheath area of each fiber present in the endoneural space and the g ratio (the ratio between the axon diameter and total fiber diameter - which indicates the degree of myelination) [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), first inbred from Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), are considered a good experimental model of human essential hypertension [ 5 , 6 ], and it is expected that WKY would be used as the normotensive controls of SHR in diverse experimental protocols. Nevertheless, Wistar rats (WR) have been recently used as the SHR controls as often as the WKY [ 7 ], mainly because WKY are not readily or easily available. Sanada et al [ 7 ] showed that sural nerve morphology is similar between WKY and WR, allowing the use of WR as the SHR controls in morphological investigations involving peripheral neuropathies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, Wistar rats (WR) have been recently used as the SHR controls as often as the WKY [ 7 ], mainly because WKY are not readily or easily available. Sanada et al [ 7 ] showed that sural nerve morphology is similar between WKY and WR, allowing the use of WR as the SHR controls in morphological investigations involving peripheral neuropathies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of chronic diabetes and hypertension in sural nerve morphometry: an experimental study

Sanada

Tavares

Sato

et al. 2015

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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BackgroundProspective studies have shown incidence rates of hypertension in diabetes mellitus to be three times that of subjects without diabetes mellitus. The reverse also applies, with the incidence of diabetes two to three times higher in patients with hypertension. Despite this common clinical association, the contribution of each isolated entity in the development of a neuropathy is still not well understood. The aims of the present study were to investigate the presence of peripheral neuropathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and SHR with chronically induced diabetes, using a morphological and morphometric study of the sural nerves.MethodsFemale SHR and normotensive Wistar rats (WR), 8 weeks old, received a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ) through the tail vein. Controls from both strains received vehicle. Twelve weeks after the injection, sural nerves were dissected and prepared for light microscopy. Morphometry of sural nerve fascicles and myelinated fibers was performed with the aid of computer software.ResultsThe sural nerve myelinated fibers were highly affected by experimental diabetes in normotensive rats, causing mainly the reduction of the fiber size. Hypertensive rats showed characteristics of small fiber neuropathy and a severe reduction of the number and density or Schwann cells. The association between diabetes and hypertension caused an increase on the average size of the myelinated fibers, pointing to a small fiber loss, associated to axonal atrophy.ConclusionsOur study gives morphological support to the existence of a neuropathy due to hypertension, which is among one of the most common risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. The association between the two neuropathies showed to be a complex alteration, involving and including both, large and small fibers neuropathy. Hypertension caused, indeed, an exacerbation of the alterations already observed in experimental models of diabetic neuropathy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of chronic diabetes and hypertension in sural nerve morphometry: an experimental study

Sanada

Tavares

Sato

et al. 2015

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Transcriptional profiling of stellate ganglia from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat strains

2018

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The course of hypertension remains poorly understood, although impairment of the sympathetic nervous systems is thought to play a role in its aetiology. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) was used to identify transcriptomal differences in the sympathetic stellate ganglia between 16-week-old normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Sequencing quality was assessed by FastQC and quasi-mapping rate by Salmon. Differential expression results were confirmed by real time reverse transcriptase Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). RNAseq analysis was found to be predictive and representative of transcriptomal changes when compared to qRT-PCR by correlation analysis. Whether these changes underpin physiological sympathetic phenotypes associated with hypertension remains to be established, however this dataset identifies lead transcripts as a priori targets for further investigation.

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P2X7 receptor antagonist improves gastrointestinal disorders in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Oliveira

Silva

et al. 2023

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The purinergic system participates in the control of blood pressure. Hypertension promotes the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders such as intestinal inflammation and gastric emptying delay. This study aimed i) to investigate the participation of the P2X7 receptor blocker Brilliant Blue G (BBG) on gastric emptying of solids and changes in oxidative stress in the gastric fundus, duodenum, and colon of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and ii) to study the putative relationship of this effect with the renin-angiotensin system. Rats were divided into five groups: Control, SHR, SHR+BBG, SHR+BBG+ATP, and SHR+BBG+ANG II. In the gastrointestinal tract, we assessed gastric emptying (GE) and oxidative stress markers (NOx, MPO, GSH, SOD). We observed a decrease in the GE rate (P<0.05) in SHR vs control rats (21.8±2.0% vs 42.8±3.5%). The decrease in GE was returned (P<0.05) to control levels by BBG in SHR rats (21.8±2.0% vs 41.6±3.2%). Co-administration of ATP or ANG II together with BBG bypassed the effect of the P2X7 antagonist on GE in SHR (P<0.05) (21.9±5.0% vs 25.6±3.0% vs 41.6±3.2%). The MPO activity increased (P<0.05) in the gastric fundus of SHR compared to control rats (6.12±2.26 vs 0.077±0.02 UMPO/mg tissue); this effect was prevented (P<0.05) by BBG (0.55±0.15 vs 6.12±2.26 UMPO/mg tissue). Data demonstrated that blockage of P2X7 receptors with BBG can improve the GE delay and oxidative stress biomarkers in SHR animals. This preventive effect of BBG on GE delay was abrogated by ANG II and ATP, thus prompting crosstalk between renin-angiotensin and the purinergic signaling systems underlying this phenomenon.

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Can Wistar rats be used as the normotensive controls for nerve morphometry investigations in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)?

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Association of chronic diabetes and hypertension in sural nerve morphometry: an experimental study

Association of chronic diabetes and hypertension in sural nerve morphometry: an experimental study

Transcriptional profiling of stellate ganglia from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat strains

P2X7 receptor antagonist improves gastrointestinal disorders in spontaneously hypertensive rats

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