“…Since the introduction of the JLS model, there has been plenty of theoretical development of the LPPLS bubble framework, in particular expanding on the underlying mechanisms (Sornette, 1998;Sornette and Johansen, 1998;Ide and Sornette, 2002) and on model calibration (Zhou and Sornette, 2006a;Filimonov and Sornette, 2013;Lin et al, 2014). Concurrently, the LPPLS literature has developed empirically with both post-mortem studies of past bubbles as well as real-time ex-ante successful diagnostics of bubbles in a variety of financial markets, including western stock markets (Johansen et al, 1999;Sornette and Zhou, 2006), emerging stock markets (Johansen and Sornette, 2001;Giordano and Mannella, 2006;Zhou and Sornette, 2009;Cajueiro et al, 2009;Jiang et al, 2010), real-estate markets Sornette, 2006b, 2008), oil markets (Sornette et al, 2009), forex markets (Johansen et al, 1999;Matsushita et al, 2006) and so on.…”