Can we achieve Millennium Development Goal 4? New analysis of country trends and forecasts of under-5 mortality to 2015

Every death counts: use of mortality audit data for decision making to save the lives of mothers, babies, and children in South Africa

“…Data from UN Interagency group for child mortality estimation, 7 ASSA estimate modelled by R E Dorrington and co-workers, 17 Health Metrics Institute, 18 US Census Bureau, 19 UN Population Division, 20 neonatal mortality rate from WHO, 21 UN Interagency group for maternal mortality estimation, 22 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey, 15 Several point estimates have been reported for national mortality rates in children younger than 5 years, but four of the five estimates for 2005 were between 69 per 1000 and 76 per 1000, all within overlapping uncertainty (figure 1). Although the data are too uncertain for us to be sure about present trends, South Africa is one of 12 countries in which the child mortality rate has increased instead of falling since 1990.…”

Avaliação da adequação das informações de mortalidade e nascidos vivos no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

“…Geralmente, por conta do tamanho insu-ficiente da amostra, as técnicas de mensuração indireta não podem ser aplicadas no nível municipal, limitando o monitoramento da mortalidade infantil justamente nas áreas com os maiores problemas de saúde. Além disso, as estimativas são tratadas como parâmetros populacionais sem estimação dos erros de amostragem 3 .…”

Etiology of common childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the adrenal hypothesis

“…Thus, the incidence of ALL is inversely related to the all-cause child mortality before the age of 5 years, which is a reliable marker for the standards of living (Table 1). 4,8 This inverse relationship is strongest for the leukemias in the 0-4 year age group, more moderate for ALL incidence in children 5-9 years and least so for the incidence of ALL in children above 10 years of age ( Figure 1). As a result, the ratio of the ALL incidence in the 0-4 year versus the 10-14 year age group is strongly correlated to the all-cause child mortality before the age of 5 years (r S ¼ À0.63, Po0.001) ( Figure 2).…”

“…Such studies will increase our understanding of the natural history of common childhood ALL, which eventually could lead to preventive measures. Figure 2 National or regional ratio of incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the 0-4 year age group versus the 10-14 year age group in relation to the national less than 5-year mortality rate per 1000 live births (data from IARC 4 and Murray et al 8 ). The highest ratio (7.68) is from the Slovenia cancer registry and is based on only 11 cases in the 10-14 year age range.…”