“…In the past three years, the whole world has been strongly affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 with severe economic and humanitarian cost ( Ciotti et al, 2019 , Ciotti et al, 2020 ; Goudoudaki et al, 2023 ; Sadiqa, 2023 ). The pandemic-induced damages include not only the decline of the global economy, but also a global death toll of 6,790,506 human reached by 18 February 2023 ( Worldometer, 2023 ).…”