Can warmer be better? Changing production systems in three Andean ecosystems in the face of environmental change

Taboada, Cristal; Garcia, Magalı́; Gilles, Jere L.; Pozo, Omar; Yucra, Edwin; Rojas, Katherine

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.08.005

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our results show that smallholder land-use systems are spatially and temporally versatile, incorporating adaptations of traditional management practices to facilitate intensification. Such modifications of Andean cropping system components, allowing for the need to accommodate environmental and socio-economic pressures, have also been described by others [2, 21, 30, 31]. Intensification is occurring in its most basic form through shortening of fallow periods, but differently in each landscape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…At high altitude, the expansion of agriculture resulting from climate change and market incentives is seen to encroach upon natural habitats, disrupting ecosystem services such as the provision of soil organic carbon stocks and water, and competing with other smallholder livelihood activities [16–18]. The net outcome of these processes on farmers’ management practices involving agrobiodiversity –particularly crop landrace diversity– has not been necessarily negative, as smallholder farming systems have been shown to be highly adaptive and opportunistic [19–21]. Therefore, Andean smallholder farming systems are still recognized to harbor high levels of agrobiodiversity essential for adaptive agriculture and food security [22–24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The land-use dynamics of potato agrobiodiversity in the highlands of central Peru: a case study of spatial-temporal management across farming landscapes

Arce

Haan

Juárez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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29In the high Andes, environmental and socio-economic drivers are transforming land use and 30 presumably affecting the in situ conservation of potato (Solanum spp.). To monitor the use 31 and conservation of intraspecific diversity, systematic and comparative studies across land-32 use systems are needed. We investigated the spatial-temporal dynamics of potato in two 33 contrasting landscapes of Peru's central Andes: a highland plateau (Huancavelica) vs. an 34 eastern slope (Pasco). We examined household-level areal allocations, altitudinal 35 distribution, sectoral fallowing practices, and the conservation status for three main cultivar 36 groups: (i) bred varieties, (ii) floury landraces, and (iii) bitter landraces. Mixed methods were 37 used to survey 323 households and the 1,101 potato fields they managed in 2012-2013. We 38 compared the contemporary altitudinal distribution of landraces with 1975-1985 altimeter 39 genebank data from the International Potato Center. We show that intensification occurs in 40 each landscape through adaptations of traditional management practices while maintaining 41 high intraspecific diversity. Access to land and production end use (sale vs. consumption) 42 significantly affected smallholder management and differentiated the landscapes. Total areas 43 in Huancavelica and Pasco were allocated to 82.9% vs. 74.2% floury landraces, 9.2% vs. 44 25.7% bred varieties, and 7.9% vs. 0.1% bitter landraces. In market-oriented Pasco, fields in 45 sectoral fallows between 3,901 m and 4,116 m above sea level consistently contained the 46 highest levels of landrace diversity. The bulk of diversity in subsistence-oriented 47 Huancavelica occurred between 3,909 m and 4,324 m outside sectoral fallows. Most of the 48 unique landraces documented were scarce across households: 45.4% and 61.7% respectively 49 in Huancavelica and Pasco. Bred varieties showed the widest (1,100 m) and bitter landraces 50 the narrowest (400 m) altitudinal distributions. Potato cultivation has moved upward by an 3 51 average of 306 m since 1975. Landrace diversity is versatile but unevenly distributed across 52 landscapes. This requires adaptive ways to incentivize in situ conservation.53

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The land-use dynamics of potato agrobiodiversity in the highlands of central Peru: a case study of spatial-temporal management across farming landscapes

Arce

Haan

Juárez

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our results show that smallholder agricultural land-use systems are spatially and temporally versatile, incorporating adaptations of traditional management practices to facilitate intensification. Such modifications of Andean cropping system components, allowing for the need to accommodate environmental and socio-economic pressures, have also been described by others [2,21,30,31]. Intensification is occurring in its most basic form through shortening of fallow periods, but differently in each agricultural landscape.…”

Section: Hybrid Agricultural Landscapes and Smallholder Intensificationmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Potato Agrobiodiversity in the Highlands of Central Peru: A Case Study of Smallholder Management across Farming Landscapes

Arce

Haan

Juárez

et al. 2019

Land

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In the high Andes, environmental and socio-economic drivers are transforming agriculture and presumably affecting the in situ conservation of potato (Solanum spp.). To monitor the use and conservation of intraspecific diversity, systematic and comparative studies across agricultural land-use systems are needed. We investigated the spatial-temporal dynamics of potato in two landscapes of Peru’s central Andes: A highland plateau (Huancavelica) compared to an eastern slope (Pasco). We examined household-level areal allocations, altitudinal distribution, sectoral fallowing practices, and the conservation status for three main cultivar groups: (i) Bred varieties, (ii) floury landraces, and (iii) bitter landraces. Mixed methods were used to survey 323 households and the 1101 potato fields they managed in 2012–2013. We compared the contemporary altitudinal distribution of landraces with 1975–1985 altimeter data from the International Potato Center. Intensification is occurring in each landscape while maintaining high intraspecific diversity. Access to land and production for sale compared to consumption significantly affected smallholder management and differentiated landscapes. Most landraces were scarce across households: 45.4% in Huancavelica and 61.7% in Pasco. Potato cultivation has moved upward by an average of 306 m since 1975. Landrace diversity is versatile but unevenly distributed across landscapes. This requires adaptive ways to incentivize in situ conservation.

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“…Many empirical studies show that factors influencing the choice of livelihood strategy by households can be divided into two types-exogenous factors and endogenous factors ( Figure 2). Exogenous factors include the natural environment that households are in, as well as the policies and systems that they are subject to [28][29][30][31][32], while endogenous factors include livelihood assets and family characteristics of households [12,21].…”

Section: The Influencing Factors and Analysis Indexes Of Livelihood Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Disasters, Public Policies, Family Characteristics, or Livelihood Assets? The Driving Factors of Farmers’ Livelihood Strategy Choices in a Nature Reserve

2019

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Based on the summarization of previous studies, this paper constructed an analytical model on the driving factors on the choice of farmers’ livelihood strategies in nature reserves, covering the aspects of natural disasters, public policies, family characteristics, and livelihood assets, and this paper took Zhagana Village in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example to conduct an empirical study. The empirical results show that non-agricultural production strategies, especially a tourism-oriented strategy, are currently the primary livelihood preference for households in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During the process of livelihood strategy selection, households are influenced by exogenous factors like public policies and natural disasters, as well as by endogenous factors like family characteristics and livelihood assets. Among these factors, the soil erosion as well as the tourism development policy would be the restrictive factors when choosing an agricultural production strategy, or the incentive factors if a non-agricultural production strategy were to be chosen. Meanwhile, anti-poverty development policy, location characteristic, and economic characteristic are the incentive factors for households who want to choose an agricultural production strategy, or the restrictive factors if they would like to select a non-agricultural production strategy.

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Can warmer be better? Changing production systems in three Andean ecosystems in the face of environmental change

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

The land-use dynamics of potato agrobiodiversity in the highlands of central Peru: a case study of spatial-temporal management across farming landscapes

The land-use dynamics of potato agrobiodiversity in the highlands of central Peru: a case study of spatial-temporal management across farming landscapes

The Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Potato Agrobiodiversity in the Highlands of Central Peru: A Case Study of Smallholder Management across Farming Landscapes

Natural Disasters, Public Policies, Family Characteristics, or Livelihood Assets? The Driving Factors of Farmers’ Livelihood Strategy Choices in a Nature Reserve

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