Can Tropical Insects Stand the Heat? A Case Study with the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Piyaphongkul, Jiranan; Pritchard, Jeremy; Bale, J. S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029409

Cited by 67 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Thus, as temperature decreases, insect movement will stop at species-specific values (Hazell et al, 2010). As a result, when environmental temperatures increase above the optimum temperature to the CT max and HCT, the effect on mobility is usually irreversible because these temperatures are at or close to the upper lethal temperature (Piyaphongkul et al, 2012a). By contrast, an increase in temperature within the 'favourable range' for development will increase the metabolic rate of the insect (Gullan & Cranston, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of analyses of temperature data from 91 stations in 15 countries in the South pacific from 1961 to 1998, Manton et al (2001) reported that the annual number of the hot days and warm nights had significantly increased over the time period, with a corresponding significant decrease in the annual number of cool days and cold nights. More generally, increasing temperature and associated heat stress in south-east Asia have the potential to modify the abundance and distribution of N. lugens because ectothermic organisms perform increasingly suboptimally at the high end of their thermal tolerance (Bickford et al, 2010;Piyaphongkul et al, 2012a). This may render tropical species more sensitive and vulnerable to climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rearing conditions have been described previously by Piyaphongkul et al (2012a). The generation time of N. lugens at 23 • C is 7 weeks; thus, the experimental population had completed 11-12 generations before the experiments reported in the present study.…”

Section: Insect Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of acclimation on the thermal tolerance of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Piyaphongkul

Pritchard

Bale

2014

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The influence of acclimation on the cold and heat tolerance of Nilaparvata lugens was determined by measurements of the critical thermal minimum and maximum (CT min and CT max ), chill and heat coma temperature (CCT and HCT) and lower and upper lethal temperature (LLT 50 and ULT 50 ). 2 First-instar nymphs were acclimated for 5 days at 15 • C and for 2 days at 30 • C and compared with a population maintained at 23 • C; for the adult comparisons, first-instar nymphs were reared at 15, 23 and 30 • C until adult emergence, requiring development periods of 50-55, 30-35 and 18-20 days, respectively. 3 The thermal tolerance limits of both age groups changed significantly with acclimation and were correlated with rearing temperature. 4 Across the 48 separate measurements of thermal tolerance (CT min , CCT, CT max , HCT, LLT 50 and ULT 50 of nymphs and adult males and females), the temperature differential across the three indices of cold tolerance after acclimation at 15 • C compared with a population maintained at 23 • C were between 0.5-2.8 and 2.9-5.0 • C for nymphs and adults, respectively. By comparison, acclimation at 30 • C increased heat tolerance in terms of changes in the CT max , HCT and ULT 50 , and the temperature differentials compared with the 23 • C population were between 1.1-3.3 • C for nymphs and 0.3-1.6 • C for adults. 5 These data indicate that, under the acclimation regimes applied to N. lugens, increases in cold tolerance were greater than heat tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of acclimation on the thermal tolerance of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Piyaphongkul

Pritchard

Bale

2014

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Another study showed that heat stress tolerance of Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) declined with development from embryos to larvae to pupae to adults (Zani et al., ). Conversely, nymphs of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) were consistently less heat tolerant than adults (Piyaphongkul et al., ). These differences may largely be due to variation in the mobility of a particular life stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat tolerance of developmental and seasonal stages of Chilo suppressalis

Cao

Liu

et al. 2014

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Global warming means that the ability to withstand heat stress is of crucial importance to insects' survival and reproduction. Insects have various ways of achieving thermal tolerance, which can be affected by thermal history, physiological state, and seasonal cycles. In this study, we compared the thermal tolerance of life stages and seasons of a wild population of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an economically significant pest of rice crops in Asia. Our results demonstrate that the eggs, larvae, and adults of C. suppressalis collected in rice fields in Yangzhou, China, are able to tolerate extremely high temperatures, in excess of those this species encounters in nature. We found that egg masses had a survival rate of 75% after being kept at 42 °C for 8 h. Egg masses exposed to 39 °C for 8 h had the longest hatching time (3.3 days). LTemp50 and LTemp90 (i.e., the temperatures at which 50 or 90% of individuals died within 2 h) of larvae collected in late summer were 45.4 and 47.3 °C, respectively. LTime50 and LTime90 (i.e., the time required to kill 50 or 90% of individuals) at 44 °C were 6.2 and 9.6 h, respectively. The corresponding values for 46 °C were 1.5 and 2.6 h. We also found that the heat tolerance of adults collected in late summer was lower than that of larvae. For example, LTemp50 of male and female adults was 43.8 and 43.6 °C, respectively. Other measures of the heat tolerance of adults, such as LTime50 at 42 °C, also differed between the sexes, being 5.9 h for males and 7.2 h for females. Although adult survival was robust to heat stress, adult fertility was more sensitive. Our results also indicate that although the second generation of adults (i.e., the summer generation) typically encountered higher temperatures than the overwintering generation, survival of the second generation adults was lower.

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“…In a study with Nilaparvatha lugens (a tropical rice pest) in India, the results of the effect of temperature on the insect indicated that the first instar nymphs became immobilized by heat stress at around 30 °C and among the more heat tolerant adult stage, no insects were capable of a coordinated movement when the temperature was increased to 38 °C. The insect did not recover after entry into heat coma, at temperatures around 38 °C for the nymphal stages and 42-43 °C for the adult stages (Piyaphongkul et al, 2012). These results suggest Nilaparvatha lugens can become extinct in the future in the tropical regions when temperatures continue to rise as is projected.…”

Section: The Impact Of Elevated Temperature On the Biology Of Insect mentioning

confidence: 85%

Responses of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases to Changing and Variable Climate: A Review

Katsaruware-Chapoto¹,

Mafongoya²,

Gubba³

2017

JAS

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Natural and anthropogenic factors have resulted in altered environmental conditions that influence changes in abundance and diversity of insect pests. Global climate change projections focus on crop yields and adaptation strategies to declining yields and ignore the likely impact of a changing climate on insect pests and plant diseases. In this research paper, we review the effects of climate variables namely temperature, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), precipitation and extreme weather events on insect pests and plant diseases incidence. Elevated temperatures, CO 2 and extreme weather events have been shown to alter the distribution, reproductive potential, the incidence and abundance of plant insects and diseases in temperate regions because of the dependence of insects and diseases on environmental conditions. There is limited information on the influence of temperature and carbon dioxide as well as their interaction on the incidence and severity of insect pests, bacterial and viral diseases in the tropical regions. Information on the influence of altered precipitation patterns is also limited but could be of importance in insect distribution studies in a changing climate. Some tropical insects pests are most likely to suffer from extreme heat, resulting in death and hence pest extinction. Future research should focus on the interaction of elevated temperature and CO 2 , determine the influence of supra optimal summer temperatures, temperature variability, precipitation variability and the corresponding viral and bacterial diseases.

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Can Tropical Insects Stand the Heat? A Case Study with the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Cited by 67 publications

References 61 publications

Effects of acclimation on the thermal tolerance of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Effects of acclimation on the thermal tolerance of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Heat tolerance of developmental and seasonal stages of Chilo suppressalis

Responses of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases to Changing and Variable Climate: A Review

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