Can topical zinc accentuate tuberculin reactivity in the elderly?

Kwok, Timothy; Fotherby, Martin D.; Cookson, JB; Potter, JF; Castleden, C. M.

doi:10.1016/s0954-6111(05)80353-1

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There was a significant increase in serum levels of all but retinol, riboflavin, copper and zinc (32). Topical zinc has been associated with a boost in delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing in elderly hospitalized patients (39), with 37% of the subjects who had negative reaction to Heaf tests now being positive with topical zinc; zinc supplementation was also associated with improvement in these parameters.…”

Section: Effect On Immunity Of Dietary Supplements In Elderly Withoutmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of age-related immune dysfunction on risk of infections

Castle¹

2000

Zeitschrift f�r Gerontologie und Geriatrie

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The elderly have clearly been found to have both increased risk and severity of infections. Immunosenescence, the state of dysregulated immune function with aging, is felt to be a significant contributor to this increased risk. Extensive studies on inbred laboratory animals and in very healthy elderly humans have identified changes in immunity and have identified primarily phenotypic and functional changes in the T cell component of adaptive immunity. However, no compelling scientific evidence has shown that these changes have direct relevance to the common infections seen in the aged population. This perspective will attempt to shed light on this dilemma. First, it will review clinically relevant infections in the elderly, focusing on influenza and influenza vaccination and how chronic illness contributes to increased risk and severity of infection/failed vaccine response. Next, key changes in immunity will be reviewed, keeping perspective of the impact of confounding variables such as nutrition. If the goal is to prevent serious infections in the elderly, it appears that the field of geriatric immunology/infectious disease is faced with the tremendous challenge of studying a very diverse population of chronically ill individuals in addition to the study of the very healthy elderly. Grouping individuals by disease severity or by level of impairment of specific components of immunity may assist in advancing our ability to improve host defense in an at risk population.

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Section: Effect On Immunity Of Dietary Supplements In Elderly Withoutmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of age-related immune dysfunction on risk of infections

Castle¹

2000

Zeitschrift f�r Gerontologie und Geriatrie

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“…The application of topical treatments may induce or increase TST induration, as is the case with candida skin test reactivity. 2 The application of topical zinc sulphate enhances TST reactivity in elderly subjects, 3 healthy adults at high risk of TB, 4 and, according to a preliminary report, in Peruvian children suspected of having M. tuberculosis infection or disease. 5 As yet, there are no data on the effect of topical zinc on TST reactivity in individuals living in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: O B J E C T I V Ementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of topical calcipotriol or zinc on tuberculin skin tests in hospitalised South African children

Lala

Parbhoo

Verwey

et al. 2014

int j tuberc lung dis

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“…Previous studies did not explicitly state the difference in mm of diameter induration. 7,8,16 Among 16 subjects who showed augmentation of tuberculin induration in the zinc arm most were undernourished and had undergone tuberculosis therapy for ≤6 months. Specifically, subjects who were undernourished had a higher median augmentation of 2 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…one study reported no hypersensitivity reaction after topical zinc application, 7 while two other studies gave no report on hypersensitivity reactions in their subjects. 8,16 Koch reaction is due to zinc's role in increasing cellular immunity resulting in greater inflammatory responses. Koch reaction and positive tuberculin test often indicate natural tuberculosis infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of topical zinc in tuberculin test

Rahmadhany

Setyanto

Trihono

2016

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Background Diagnosing tuberculosis in children is difficult, with under-diagnosis or over-diagnosis commonly occurring. The tuberculin test as a supporting examination for tuberculosis infection has a false negative value rate of 10-25%. Also, a majority of children with tuberculosis have lower plasma zinc levels than healthy children. Zinc deficiency may impair the immune response, leading to more false negative skin-test results.

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Can topical zinc accentuate tuberculin reactivity in the elderly?

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Impact of age-related immune dysfunction on risk of infections

Impact of age-related immune dysfunction on risk of infections

The effect of topical calcipotriol or zinc on tuberculin skin tests in hospitalised South African children

The use of topical zinc in tuberculin test

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