Can the transverse foramen/vertebral artery ratio of double transverse foramen subjects be a risk for vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks?

Sanchis‐Gimeno, Juan A.; Blanco-Pérez, Esther; Llidó, Susanna; Pérez-Bermejo, Marcelino; Nalla, Shahed; Mata-Escolano, Federico

doi:10.1111/joa.12839

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Such discrepancies could be related to differences in protocols (e.g., diameters measured in previous studies versus cross‐sectional areas in the present study, non‐homologous cross‐sections) or to the relatively small cohort of the present study. However, measurements of the mean cross‐sectional areas of the transverse foramina reported by Alicioglu et al ( 2015 ) for C1‐C6 and of Sanchis‐Gimeno et al ( 2018 ) for C6 fall within the range of values described in this study (Table 1 ). Sanelli et al ( 2002 ) investigated the percent area of the transverse foramen occupied by the vertebral artery and found level‐to‐level variability in the areas of the transverse foramina with a variance of 24.23 that impacted their assessment of the percent area occupied by the arteries (variance of 36.79).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Exploring the relationship between soft and hard tissues: The example of vertebral arteries and transverse foramina

et al. 2022

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Even though the extant human brain only accounts for 2.5% of the body's weight, it receives one-sixth of the cardiac output and requires 20%-25% of the basal metabolic rate (Hublin et al., 2015;Moore et al., 2018). Because of the central role of the brain in the emergence of modern human biology and behavior, the question of how to "feed" an evolving brain and how the vascular and metabolic system of the hominin brain changed through time, are of particular interest (Lieberman, 2011). Unfortunately, since soft tissues

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Exploring the relationship between soft and hard tissues: The example of vertebral arteries and transverse foramina

et al. 2022

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“…In a CT angiographic study, Sanchis-Gimeno et al correlated the occurrence of AFT in C5-C6 vertebrae with the presence of clinical symptoms such as acute headache, vertigo, and vomiting after whiplash injuries. Sanchis-Gimeno hypothesized that the most pronounced bending during whiplash occurs at the level of C5-C6 vertebrae and causes such symptoms (21).…”

Section: █ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in foramen transversarium of cervical spine: an osteological study in dried cervical vertebra of north indian origin with its surgical importance

Patra

Chaudhary²,

Kaur³

2021

Turkish Neurosurgery

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AIM:To examine the variations in number, size, and shape of foramina transversaria (FTs) of cervical vertebrae, and to discuss their clinical importance. MATERIAL and METHODS:The FTs of 200 dry cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) from 40 spines were studied for the presence of variations in their number (single, double, or triple), size, and shape. The foramina were classified according to their shape depending upon the direction of their main diameter. RESULTS:Accessory foramina were found in 40 cervical vertebrae. Bilateral accessory foramina were slightly more common than a unilateral accessory foramen. Accessory foramina occurred in a particular pattern, with incidence increasing with descending order of cervical vertebrae, and were most commonly found in C7. The mean values of the anteroposterior and transverse FT diameters on the right side were 4.96 ± 1.08 and 5.68 ± 1.20 mm, respectively, and on the left side were 5.07 ± 1.12 and 5.76 ± 1.29 mm, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. FTs with very small diameter (<3.5 mm) were found mostly in C7 followed by C5 and C6. Five types of shape were noted. Type 1 was predominant on the right side, whereas type 4 was predominant on the left side. CONCLUSION: Differences in number (duplication), size, and shape of the FTs are not uncommon phenomena. Anatomical knowledge of FT variations is surgically pertinent, as in such conditions the vertebral artery may become twisted or deformed and result in vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Morphometric measurements from this study may be useful in interpreting radiographic images of the cervical spine obtained using computed tomography or cervical angiograms.

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“…We showed the sexual dimorphism of TF and the VA domains related to this study. Since it is not possible to study the area of the VA in dry bones, we tried to show this dimorphism in vivo with CTA images [18,19] because CTA allows for the production of detailed images of both the bony structures (the TF) and the vessels (the VA). Thus, we used CTA because it allowed us to analyze the in vivo relationship between the TF and the VA and to measure the TF and VA areas and because it was proposed that using CTA is a good solution for the in vivo study of the DTF and the VA [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Transverse Foramina—An Anatomical Basis for Possible Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency Risk and Vertebral Artery Injury

Tuncel Çini,

Nalla,

Mata-Escolano

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Cervical vertebrae may exhibit the anomalous presence of a double transverse foramen (DTF) that may impact the anatomy of related structures that traverse the cervical region, such as the vertebral artery (VA). This retrospective anatomical study utilized CT angiography cervical scans to examine the prevalence of DTF, VA, and TF areas. The subjects were separated into two groups: normal TF (NTF group; 26 males and 21 females) and double TF (DTF group; 21 males and 24 females). The males presented significantly higher TF area values (30.31 ± 4.52 mm2) than the females (27.48 ± 1.69 mm2) in the NTF group (p = 0.006). The sex differences disappeared when a DTF was present (p = 0.662). There were no differences in the VA area values between the sexes in both the NTF and DTF groups (p = 0.184). No significant differences in the VA area values between males of the NTF and DTF groups (p = 0.485) were noted. The DTF subjects presented an increased VA/TF area ratio than the NTF subjects (p < 0.001). This study showed that DTF presence reduced the TF area. In contrast, the VA area did not change despite the decreasing TF area. This might be an anatomical risk for transient vertebrobasilar insufficiency in subjects with DTF, especially in females, because VA space in the TF is less in DTF subjects than in NTF subjects. This may lead to easy VA compression in DTF subjects following neck trauma.

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Can the transverse foramen/vertebral artery ratio of double transverse foramen subjects be a risk for vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks?

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Exploring the relationship between soft and hard tissues: The example of vertebral arteries and transverse foramina

Exploring the relationship between soft and hard tissues: The example of vertebral arteries and transverse foramina

Variations in foramen transversarium of cervical spine: an osteological study in dried cervical vertebra of north indian origin with its surgical importance

Double Transverse Foramina—An Anatomical Basis for Possible Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency Risk and Vertebral Artery Injury

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