CAN THE<sup>14</sup>C PRODUCTION IN 1055 CE BE AFFECTED BY SN1054?

Terrasi, F.; Marzaioli, Fabio; Buompane, R.; Passariello, Isabella; Porzio, Giuseppe; Capano, Manuela; Helama, Samuli; Oinonen, M.; Nöjd, Pekka; Uusitalo, Joonas; Jull, A. J. T.; Panyushkina, Irina P.; Baisan, Chris; Molnár, Mihály; Varga, Tamás; Kovaltsov, Gennady A.; Poluianov, Stepan; Usoskin, Ilya

doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.58

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, the 14 C increases in 1528 BCE and 1279 CE were each reported by only one tree and location (Brehm et al., 2021 ; Pearson et al., 2020 ). The 14 C increase around 1055 CE was suggested as a different 14 C variation from the SEP‐driven events and having a possible link with the supernova SN 1054 (Terrasi et al., 2020 ). Therefore, detailed verifications using multiple trees and multi‐nuclides will be needed to confirm the occurrence and the origin of these newly registered events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the date, if not the presence, of the 3372/3371 BCE event should be noted as controversial up to now. Also, rapid 14 C increases have been reported in 1528 BCE (Pearson et al, 2020), ∼1055 CE (Brehm et al, 2021;Eastoe et al, 2019;Terrasi et al, 2020), and 1279 CE (Brehm et al, 2021). However, the 14 C increases in 1528 BCE and 1279 CE were each reported by only one tree and location (Brehm et al, 2021;Pearson et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 97%

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A Single‐Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in ¹⁴C of Tree Rings

Miyake

Panyushkina

Jull

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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The cosmic-ray flux into the Earth atmosphere fluctuates over time due to various factors. Solar and geomagnetic modulation of galactic cosmic rays are dominating this process on timescales from a few-days to millions of years, such as Forbush decreases (a shielding of galactic cosmic rays due to a coronal mass ejection), the 11-year Schwabe cycle, multidecadal variation such as Grand Solar Minima, or millennial variations in Earth's magnetic field strength. In addition to these recurring factors, sporadic and intense solar energetic particle (SEP) events can also contribute to a sudden ejection of cosmic rays to the Earth. A large-scale SEP event reaching Earth is known as a ground level enhancement (GLE), which can be detected as a large increase in the count rates of ground-based neutron monitors. Since 1942, 72 GLEs have been recorded (1: GLE database). Prior to direct observations of cosmic rays, signatures of past extreme SEP events can be recorded by cosmogenic nuclides, in particular, 14 C in tree rings, and 10 Be and 36 Cl in polar ice cores, all of which are produced in a particle cascade triggered by interactions of high energy cosmic rays with the constituents of Earth's lower atmosphere (Mekhaldi et al., 2015;Miyake, Usoskin, & Poluianov, 2019).Conceivable SEP-driven cosmic ray events reported so far in multiple studies are the 774/775 CE (Bünt-

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 97%

A Single‐Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in ¹⁴C of Tree Rings

Miyake

Panyushkina

Jull

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…We evaluate the temporal coherence of five 14 C series with 1052 CE/1054 CE signatures developed independently and published by Eastoe et al (2019), Terrasi et al (2020), andBrehm et al (2021b) (Figure 1a). The tree rings are originated from four locations (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent investigation of the effect of the Crab Nebula supernova (SN1054) in the annual rate of 14 C production found a Δ 14 C excursion at 1054/55 CE of 4‰ at tree-ring archives from Sierra Nevada Mountains and Finnish Lapland (Terrasi et al 2020). However, other studies of tree rings from Central England and another location in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (California) report much higher 14 C ranges for this time interval (up to 6‰) but in 1053 CE, one year prior to the SN1054 visible light arrival to the Earth atmosphere, and attribute it to a possible SEP event (Eastoe et al 2019;Brehm et al 2021b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we employ a novel technique of dynamic time warping (DTW) to 14 C annual series in order to investigate the temporal coherence of the published 14 C series for 1053(52)-55CE signature from four tree-ring archives at three locations (Finland, California, and England) from published literature (Brehm et al 2021b;Eastoe et al 2019;Terrasi et al 2020). The DTW algorithm performs matching of similar patterns in datasets that may not be coeval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SCALING THE ¹⁴C-EXCURSION SIGNAL IN MULTIPLE TREE-RING SERIES WITH DYNAMIC TIME WARPING

et al. 2022

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A signal of rapid changes in 14C production is logged in annual series of 14C derived from tree rings, which can be associated with diverse effects of cosmic-ray fluxes, including solar burst and supernova events. These 14C signatures may vary in time and space. The intensity and structure of the 14C signal is multifaced, which complicates understanding of the forcing and attribution of the underlying astrophysical events. It was suggested that Δ14C in 1052/53 CE and 1054/55 CE signatures at a 4‰–6‰ range over two years could be caused by the Crab Nebula supernova (SN1054) or/and solar perturbation. The temporal incoherence of the signals in published 14C series is investigated with dynamic time warping (DTW), novel approach for matching time-behavioral patterns in multiple 14C datasets. DTW analysis of four 14C signatures from tree rings of California, Finland and England suggests that 14C spikes between 1052 CE and 1055 CE can be caused by a single event. The flickering fingerprint may result from cross-dating inconformity. Cross-checking of tree-ring records from distant locations is impossible sometimes due to large difference in environmental conditions limiting tree growth. The methodology helps to align the signals and can be applied to other 14C datasets.

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Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm

Usoskin,

Miyake,

Baroni

et al. 2023

Space Sci Rev

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The Sun is magnetically active and often produces eruptive events on different energetic and temporal scales. Until recently, the upper limit of such events was unknown and believed to be roughly represented by direct instrumental observations. However, two types of extreme events were discovered recently: extreme solar energetic particle events on the multi-millennial time scale and super-flares on sun-like stars. Both discoveries imply that the Sun might rarely produce events, called extreme solar events (ESE), whose energy could be orders of magnitude greater than anything we have observed during recent decades. During the years following these discoveries, great progress has been achieved in collecting observational evidence, uncovering new events, making statistical analyses, and developing theoretical modelling. The ESE paradigm lives and is being developed. On the other hand, many outstanding questions still remain open and new ones emerge. Here we present an overview of the current state of the art and the forming paradigm of ESE from different points of view: solar physics, stellar–solar projections, cosmogenic-isotope data, modelling, historical data, as well as terrestrial, technological and societal effects of ESEs. Special focus is paid to open questions and further developments. This review is based on the joint work of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) team #510 (2020–2022).

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CAN THE¹⁴C PRODUCTION IN 1055 CE BE AFFECTED BY SN1054?

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

A Single‐Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in ¹⁴C of Tree Rings

A Single‐Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in ¹⁴C of Tree Rings

SCALING THE ¹⁴C-EXCURSION SIGNAL IN MULTIPLE TREE-RING SERIES WITH DYNAMIC TIME WARPING

Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm

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CAN THE14C PRODUCTION IN 1055 CE BE AFFECTED BY SN1054?

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

A Single‐Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in 14C of Tree Rings

A Single‐Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in 14C of Tree Rings

SCALING THE 14C-EXCURSION SIGNAL IN MULTIPLE TREE-RING SERIES WITH DYNAMIC TIME WARPING

Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm

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CAN THE¹⁴C PRODUCTION IN 1055 CE BE AFFECTED BY SN1054?

A Single‐Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in ¹⁴C of Tree Rings

A Single‐Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in ¹⁴C of Tree Rings

SCALING THE ¹⁴C-EXCURSION SIGNAL IN MULTIPLE TREE-RING SERIES WITH DYNAMIC TIME WARPING