Can the promise of reward increase creativity?

Eisenberger, Robert; Armeli, Stephen; Pretz, Jean E.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.704

Cited by 116 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, this experiment rules out an explanation in terms of distraction or working memory load (Hinson et al 2003;Shiv and Fedorikhin 1999). Consistent with Eisenberger et al (1998) and Griskevicius et al (2006), reward-sensitive men perform better on a cognitive creativity task after watching a sexy commercial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Bikinis Instigate Generalized Impatience in Intertemporal Choice

2007

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Neuroscientific studies demonstrate that erotic stimuli activate the reward circuitry processing monetary and drug rewards. Theoretically, a general reward system may give rise to nonspecific effects: exposure to "hot stimuli" from one domain may thus affect decisions in a different domain. We show that exposure to sexy cues leads to more impatience in intertemporal choice between monetary rewards. Highlighting the role of a general reward circuitry, we demonstrate that individuals with a sensitive reward system are more susceptible to the effect of sex cues, that the effect generalizes to nonmonetary rewards, and that satiation attenuates the effect.A dvertisers search for a way to break through the clutter by using sexually oriented appeals in marketing campaigns. Previous research on the use of sexual imagery in advertising has focused on, among other things, consumer's brand recall and recognition, appeal evaluation, attention, purchase intentions, and product perception. The current study differs from earlier work by showing that the consequences of using sexual imagery extend further than the evaluation of the product or brand itself. In line with previous research demonstrating that exposure to sexual cues influences economic decision making (e.g., Van den Bergh and Dewitte 2006;Wilson and Daly 2004), we will argue that exposure to sexual cues may affect such decisions as

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Bikinis Instigate Generalized Impatience in Intertemporal Choice

2007

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“…In a later test, all of the children were asked to draw pictures incorporating a circle, and the group that had previously been reinforced for varied responses drew more unusual (or lower frequency) pictures than did the repeat group. Thus, there was transfer of novelty training from one domain to another, with additional studies in the series showing similar effects (Eisenberger, Armeli, & Pretz, 1998;Eisenberger, Haskins, & Gambleton, 1999;Eisenberger & Selbst, 1994). However, Eisenberger et al (1999) failed to replicate the transfer-of-training effect: The variability and repeat groups responded similarly during the test phase.…”

Section: Generalizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Operant variability: Evidence, functions, and theory

Neuringer

2002

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

221

217

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Although responses are sometimes easy to predict, at other times responding seems highly variable, unpredictable, or even random. The inability to predict is generally attributed to ignorance of controlling variables, but this article is a review of research showing that the highest levels of behavioral variability may result from identifiable reinforcers contingent on such variability. That is, variability is an operant. Discriminative stimuli and reinforcers control it, resulting in low or high variability, depending on the contingencies. Schedule-of-reinforcement effects are orderly, and choosing to vary or repeat is lawfully governed by relative reinforcement frequencies. The operant nature of variability has important implications. For example, learning, exploring, creating, and problem solving may partly depend on it. Abnormal levels of variability, including those found in psychopathologies such as autism, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, may be modified through reinforcement. Operant variability may also help to explain some of the unique attributes of voluntary action.

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“…On the one hand, [82][83][84] state that rewards are appropriate and desirable for creative performance. Nickerson [85] claim that given that an important factor for creative accomplishment is establishing purpose and intention to be creative, rewards can encourage such a creative orientation.…”

Section: The Role Of Motives and Incentivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial Creativity and Growth

Petrakis¹,

Kafka²

2016

Entrepreneurship - Practice-Oriented Perspectives

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The concept of creativity is multidimensional, helping to take advantage of entrepreneurial opportunities and favoring in this way economic growth. Next to this basic argument of neoclassical theory, which ignores the role of entrepreneurship in growth, the present chapter states that entrepreneurship should be included as a contributing factor of growth. Through this key argument, this chapter attempts to clarify the importance of creativity to entrepreneurial activity, concentrating on the factors that influence entrepreneurial creativity that in turn lead to economic growth, as well as to capture the way in which entrepreneurial creativity is affected by this procedure. These factors are knowledge and education, the management of disrupting technologies, spill-over creativity, the role of cultural background and personal characteristics of individuals, the motives and incentives of individuals, the existence of-and access to-resources, and the institutions that delineate the environment of action of the entrepreneur.

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Can the promise of reward increase creativity?

Cited by 116 publications

References 79 publications

Bikinis Instigate Generalized Impatience in Intertemporal Choice

Bikinis Instigate Generalized Impatience in Intertemporal Choice

Operant variability: Evidence, functions, and theory

Entrepreneurial Creativity and Growth

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