“…For instance, the exact sampling frequencies implicated in cognitive functions often differ between studies and have been shown to depend on the task and/or stimulus characteristics (Chen et al, 2020;Ho et al, 2017;Merholz et al, 2022;Ronconi et al, 2017; also see table in Ruzzoli et al, 2019), which is difficult to reconcile with any simple model of fixed, discrete temporal 'frames' (White, 2018). Additionally, the effect sizes in studies showing periodicity in behavioural or neural measures tend to be small, hence not in line with clear, all-or-nothing frame boundaries (Milton & Pleydell-Pearce, 2016;White, 2018) or utility for real-life applications (Vigué-Guix et al, 2020). Furthermore, the literature suffers from a lack of direct replications, preregistered studies, data, and code sharing (Garrett-Ruffin et al, 2021;Niso et al, 2021;Pavlov et al, 2021), as well as low statistical power (Button et al, 2013).…”