Can the inhalation exposure of a specific worker in a cross-ventilated factory be evaluated by time- and spatial-averaged contaminant concentration?

Murga, Alicia; Kuga, Kazuki; Yoo, Sungjun; Ito, Kazuhide

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.056

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The partition coefficient in each interface of the respiratory tissue layers was estimated based on various sources and assumptions. The mucus‐air partition coefficients ( P ma ) were adjusted from 25°C to 36.4°C using the temperature dependence equation described in previous studies 30,67 . The tissue‐mucus partition coefficient ( P tm ) was quantified using the following Equation 68 :

P_{tm} = \frac{1}{P_{bt}} \frac{P_{ba}}{P_{ma}}

where P bt is the blood‐tissue partition coefficient, which is assumed to be equal to one 69 ; and P ba is the blood‐air partition coefficient, predicted by the following equation given by Pulltin et al 70 :

P_{ba} = P_{ow} P_{ma} false(a + 0.3 b false) + P_{ma} false(c + 0.7 b false)

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These experimental approaches are, however, limited by ethical issues and animal protection. From this perspective, a computer simulation model (ie, in silico model) presents itself as an alternative and complementary approach that may strongly aid in understanding of the contaminant transport mechanisms in the respiratory system and the absorption of contaminants onto skin 28‐30 . In the assessment of inhalation exposure risk, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been applied to realistic respiratory tract models to predict inhalation dosimetry 31‐42 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical investigation of the potential effects of e‐cigarette smoking on local tissue dosimetry and the deterioration of indoor air quality

et al. 2020

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Electronic (e)‐cigarette smoking is considered to be less harmful than traditional tobacco smoking because of the lack of a combustion process. However, e‐cigarettes have the potential to release harmful chemicals depending on the constituents of the vapor. To date, there has been significant evidence on the adverse health effects of e‐cigarette usage. However, what is less known are the impacts of the chemicals contained in exhaled air from an e‐cigarette smoker on indoor air quality, the second‐hand passive smoking of residents, and the toxicity of the exhaled air. In this study, we develop a comprehensive numerical model and computer‐simulated person to investigate the potential effects of e‐cigarette smoking on local tissue dosimetry and the deterioration of indoor air quality. We also conducted demonstrative numerical analyses for first‐hand and second‐hand e‐cigarette smoking in an indoor environment. To investigate local tissue dosimetry, we used newly developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic models that reproduce inhalation exposure by way of the respiratory tract and dermal exposure through the human skin surface. These models were integrated into the computer‐simulated person. Our numerical simulation results quantitatively demonstrated the potential impacts of e‐cigarette smoking in enclosed spaces on indoor air quality.

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P_{tm} = \frac{1}{P_{bt}} \frac{P_{ba}}{P_{ma}}

P_{ba} = P_{ow} P_{ma} false(a + 0.3 b false) + P_{ma} false(c + 0.7 b false)

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical investigation of the potential effects of e‐cigarette smoking on local tissue dosimetry and the deterioration of indoor air quality

et al. 2020

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“…Metal working fluids (MWFs) are widely used in machining processes, leading to the production of a large number of oil particles [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Of these particles, those with a size smaller than 10 μm can remain suspended in the indoor environment for a long time [ 7 ], These oil particles may be inhaled by people exposed to this environment and deposited in their respiratory system [ 8 , 9 ], causing respiratory diseases [ 10 , 11 ], skin diseases [ 12 ], immune system diseases [ 13 ], and even cancers [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Oil Particle Concentration Vertical Distribution of Various Sizes under Displacement Ventilation System in Large-Space Machining Workshop

Wang

Meng

Lin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The widespread use of metal working fluids (MWFs) in machining processes leads to the production of a large number of harmful oil particles, which may pose serious health hazards to workers. The oil particle concentration has an inhomogeneous distribution in large spaces under displacement ventilation (DV) system, and the supply air volume required to maintain a low particle concentration under a DV system may be less than that needed under a mixing ventilation system. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to study the particle concentration distribution rules and characteristics under various particle sizes in a large-space machine workshop with a DV system. Several distribution indices, such as the inhomogeneity factor and stratification height were utilized to analyze the inhomogeneous distribution of particle concentration; furthermore, sensitivity analyses were conducted for these indices. We found that the particle concentration shows a similar inhomogeneity factor distribution rule along the vertical direction under an air change rate of 2–6 in the DV system. The workspace inhomogeneity factor of particles smaller than 5 μm is less than 0.25, whereas that of 10-μm particles declines with an increase in air supply volume. Approximately double the supply air volume is required to keep the 10-μm particle concentration at the same level as particles smaller than 5 μm. The workspace inhomogeneity factor of small particles (<5 μm) is more sensitive to the machine height and machine surface temperature than other parameters, whereas that of large particles (>5 μm) is more sensitive to the supply air volume than other parameters. The results of this study can be applied for the design and control of displacement ventilation systems in large-space machining workshops.

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“…This worst-case scenario poses a risk of high concentration exposure over a short period. [9][10][11] Ventilation strategies, either active or passive, are straightforward measures to transport and dilute chemical pollutants from the indoor environment for air quality and pollutant concentration management. [12][13][14][15][16] To date, a variety of active ventilation systems where fresh and clean air is directly introduced into the industrial built environment, have been applied for pollutant control; i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The workshop model used in this analysis was the same as that reported in our previous study. 10 Three-layer prism grids were created on the surfaces of the CSP and workbench. Furthermore, adjustments were made to include one mesh or more in the area of wall coordinates y þ <1, and six-layer prisms were created on the floor, wall and ceiling surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid emergency ventilation system for controlling inhaled contaminant dose in the case of chemical leakage

Ichimiya

Murga

Yoo

et al. 2021

Indoor and Built Environment

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In factories where high-risk chemical pollutants are treated, it is essential to anticipate response measures in the event of chemical pollutant leakage to minimize adverse health effects on workers. When high-risk liquid chemical pollutants are assumed to be leaked inside enclosed spaces, it becomes crucial to predict the non-uniform concentration distributions in enclosed spaces and evaluate the health impacts and risks of short-time exposure to prevent large-scale accidents. Therefore, we have developed an emergency ventilation system for controlling the inhaled contaminant dose of factory workers. In this study, assuming a worst-case scenario liquid chemical pollutant leak in an enclosed factory space, the advantages and performance of a hybrid ventilation system that combines displacement and push–pull type ventilation systems were numerically investigated. Installation of wall materials that facilitate photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactions for background passive concentration control was also discussed. Based on the demonstrative numerical analyses for a realistic factory space, push–pull type ventilation system was confirmed to effectively suppress chemical pollutant diffusion in enclosed spaces with a low ventilation rate. Wall materials with the PCO mechanism had a certain contribution to the control of peak concentration.

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Can the inhalation exposure of a specific worker in a cross-ventilated factory be evaluated by time- and spatial-averaged contaminant concentration?

Cited by 11 publications

References 59 publications

A numerical investigation of the potential effects of e‐cigarette smoking on local tissue dosimetry and the deterioration of indoor air quality

A numerical investigation of the potential effects of e‐cigarette smoking on local tissue dosimetry and the deterioration of indoor air quality

Study of Oil Particle Concentration Vertical Distribution of Various Sizes under Displacement Ventilation System in Large-Space Machining Workshop

Hybrid emergency ventilation system for controlling inhaled contaminant dose in the case of chemical leakage

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