“…We matched as much as possible the Old, HFS and LFS concepts for a number of affective (valence, arousal and dominance/control) and lexical-semantic (word length, word frequency, log-transformed number and word frequency of orthographic neighbors; familiarity, typicality, imageability, concreteness, dominance, mean rank, first occurrence, lexical availability, and mean production frequency, intercorrelational density, and percentage of encyclopedic, taxonomic, functional and sensory features) variables (for a detailed description of these variables, see Fairfield, Ambrosini, Mammarella, & Montefinese, 2017;Montefinese, Ambrosini, Fairfield, & Mammarella, 2013a, 2013b, 2014b, which could affect word recognition performance (for a discussion of this topic, see e.g., Montefinese, Ciavarro, & Ambrosini, 2015;Montefinese & Vinson, 2015) (one way ANOVAs comparing Old, HFS, and LFS concepts: all Fs(1,117) < 2.21, all ps > .11). Moreover, Old, HFS and LFS concepts were also controlled for the age of acquisition (one way ANOVAs comparing Old, HFS, and LFS concepts: F(1,117) = 2.65, p = .08) derived from a preliminary study on an independent sample of 436 participants (363 females and 73 males; mean age = 20.75 years, SD = 1.99 years) who were asked to estimate the age to which they learnt a given word, in line with previous age of acquisition norms (Bird, Franklin, & Howard, 2001;Moors et al, 2013).…”