Can the Hopelessness Model of Depression and Response Style Theory Be Integrated?

Abstract

The Hopelessness Model (Abramson, Alloy, & Metalsky, 1989) and response style theory (Nolen-Hoeksema, Girgus, & Seligman, 1992) have been integrated in various ways, but these integrations have not been compared. German college students (N = 311, mean age = 23.27 years, SD = 6.57 years, 80% female) rated their depressive symptoms, negative inferences, and rumination 3 times. Findings supported an integrated model whereby individual inferences predict and interact with the rumination subtype brooding to affect depressive symptoms.

Perceived Everyday Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms: Does Cognitive Style Mediate?

“…Another research implication is based on the finding that our results vary depending on the NCS considered. Our findings—together with some other recent studies (Pössel & Thomas, 2011; Pössel & Winkeljohn Black, 2017)—highlight the differences between each NCS. Therefore, future research should measure individual NCSs and further examine differences and similarities in their associations with depressive symptoms.…”

Me, Myself, and My Thoughts: The Influence of Brooding and Reflective Rumination on Depressive Symptoms in Athletes in the United Kingdom

“…Several empirical studies have provided evidence on the potential importance of depressive rumination, indicating that it has a central role in the onset (Just & Alloy, 1997;Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000) maintenance (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991;Nolen-Hoeksema, McBride, & Larson, 1997;Spasojević & Alloy, 2001) and recurrence of depression and depression symptomology (Michalak, Hölz, & Teismann, 2011). It has been suggested that depressive rumination may in fact function as a proximal mechanism through which other cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g., negative cognitive styles or dysfunctional attitudes) may operate on depression (Abramson et al, 2002;Pössel & Winkeljohn Black, 2017;Spasojević & Alloy, 2001). Although depressive rumination is considered a trait (i.e., it remains relatively stable over time), like other cognitive vulnerabilities, it is still amenable to change by means of therapy or intervention (Ingram et al, 2006).…”

Inferences Training Affects Memory, Rumination, and Mood

“…Furthermore, this person's inferential style may affect his or her memory for the event and for additional similar events. Supporting the proposed link between negative inferences and ruminative thinking, cross-sectional and longitudinal work has demonstrated that a negative inferential style not only interacts with rumination in increasing depressive symptoms but also predicts later levels of rumination (Ciesla et al, 2011;Pössel & Winkeljohn Black, 2017;Pössel & Pittard, 2019). Negative inferences may directly facilitate ruminative thinking by "feeding" it with negative content but may also indirectly increase ruminative thinking by facilitating the more abstract cognition that characterizes ruminative thought (Moberly & Watkins, 2006).…”