Can Ternary Computing Improve Information Assurance?

Cambou, Bertrand; Flikkema, Paul G.; Palmer, James T.; Telesca, D.; Philabaum, Christopher

doi:10.3390/cryptography2010006

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Such error correcting protocols also increase the vulnerability to differential power analysis that leak information to opponents. With ternary PUFs [1,50], when the fuzzy "X" states are blanked, CRP error rates are typically reduced by two orders of magnitudes to the 10 −3 range, which greatly simplifies the entire error correcting protocol. Conversely, when the "X" values are selected, CRP error rates are higher, which can be used as a feature when HPC is used to handle the erratic keys as presented below.…”

Section: Ternary Physical Unclonable Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use mainstream "binary hardware" to be able to use off-the-shelf systems. Ternary computing with binary infrastructure can be valuable for cryptography [1]. The third state of ternary logic is especially important in our cryptographic protocol and offers additional layers of security and increases the level of entropy, i.e., randomness.…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Securing Additive Manufacturing with Blockchains and Distributed Physically Unclonable Functions

et al. 2020

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Blockchain technology is a game-changing, enhancing security for the supply chain of smart additive manufacturing. Blockchain enables the tracking and recording of the history of each transaction in a ledger stored in the cloud that cannot be altered, and when blockchain is combined with digital signatures, it verifies the identity of the participants with its non-repudiation capabilities. One of the weaknesses of blockchain is the difficulty of preventing malicious participants from gaining access to public–private key pairs. Groups of opponents often interact freely with the network, and this is a security concern when cloud-based methods manage the key pairs. Therefore, we are proposing end-to-end security schemes by both inserting tamper-resistant devices in the hardware of the peripheral devices and using ternary cryptography. The tamper-resistant devices, which are designed with nanomaterials, act as Physical Unclonable Functions to generate secret cryptographic keys. One-time use public–private key pairs are generated for each transaction. In addition, the cryptographic scheme incorporates a third logic state to mitigate man-in-the-middle attacks. The generation of these public–private key pairs is compatible with post quantum cryptography. The third scheme we are proposing is the use of noise injection techniques used with high-performance computing to increase the security of the system. We present prototypes to demonstrate the feasibility of these schemes and to quantify the relevant parameters. We conclude by presenting the value of blockchains to secure the logistics of additive manufacturing operations.

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Section: Ternary Physical Unclonable Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing Additive Manufacturing with Blockchains and Distributed Physically Unclonable Functions

et al. 2020

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“…Ternary computing uses trits, for example (0, 1, 2) or balanced (-, 0, +), instead of the bits (0, 1) used in binary computing [61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Can ternary computing improve cybersecurity and Information Assurance [68][69][70]? Ternary computing is not a new concept, and is more complex to implement than binary computing.…”

Section: Native Ternary Random Numbers Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of True Random Numbers Generators with Ternary Physical Unclonable Functions

Cambou¹

2018

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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Memory based ternary physical unclonable functions contain cells with fuzzy states that are exploited to create multiple sources of physical randomness, and design true random numbers generators. A XOR compiler enhances the randomness of the binary data streams generated with such components, while a modulo-3 addition enhances the randomness of the native ternary data streams, also generated with the same method. Deviations from perfect randomness of these random numbers, in terms of probability to be non-random, was reported as low as 10-10 in the experimental section of this paper, which is considered as extremely random based on NIST criteria.

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“…Digital circuits are used in many areas, including telecommunications, signal processing, biomedical, and machine learning [1]- [4]. Although multi-value logic, or simply MVL, has been the subject of much research [5]- [7] as a possible evolution of two-based systems, there has been no realization that it can supplant a traditional digital processing system. Some think that there are technical and economic reasons that do not permit its success [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach for Designing of Computer Architectures Using Multi-Value Logic

Simonetta¹,

Paoletti²,

Muratore³

2021

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology

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In the last decade, we have seen how Moore's law has lost its validity because it has reached the physical limit of miniaturization of components and the problem of thermal dissipation increasing with the chip's clock frequency. For this reason, multi-core architectures were born, and quantum computing is being looked at as a possible solution for more computing power. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the possibility to realize computer architectures using multi-value logic. The objective is reached when we are able to translate any MVL function into the corresponding MVL circuit. The method proposed is completely independent of the basis adopted in the MVL domain and the physical quantity used to represent or transfer the domain values. Thus, this approach provides a new theoretical and practical context for applying new technologies or polymorphic materials, which can represent multiple values. In order to give concreteness to the analyzed theoretical aspects, we will represent a case study based on a classical combinational circuit, the summing circuit using LTspice® XVII (© Analog Device Corporation) as simulation environment has been carried out. The results show that it is possible to build MVL combinatorial circuits, although there are limitations because the proposed solution is just a proof of concept. The method can also be successfully applied to sequential MVL circuits, which are not the subject of the present article.

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Can Ternary Computing Improve Information Assurance?

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Securing Additive Manufacturing with Blockchains and Distributed Physically Unclonable Functions

Securing Additive Manufacturing with Blockchains and Distributed Physically Unclonable Functions

Design of True Random Numbers Generators with Ternary Physical Unclonable Functions

A New Approach for Designing of Computer Architectures Using Multi-Value Logic

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