Can't stop thinking: The role of cognitive control in suppression-induced forgetting

Chen, Suya; Mao, Xinrui; Wu, Yanhong

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108274

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Compared to the slope measure, the IIC takes all data points into account and the difference between each subsequent time point. This might produce additional insightful variability which could better capture individual differences in intrusion control than linear methods or methods comparing the first and last half of the task (e.g., Chen et al, 2022 ) or the first and last block (e.g., Nishiyama & Saito, 2022 ).…”

Section: Measuring Intrusion Control Across Suppression Attempts Thro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intrusions measured during intentional memory control have been studied both independently and in relation to later forgetting effects. Although some studies have found a link between intrusions and SIF, where participants who show a greater decline in intrusions also show an increased forgetting effect (Chen et al, 2022 ; Hellerstedt et al, 2016 ; Levy & Anderson, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2020 ), others have not found such an association (Castiglione et al, 2019 ; Davidson et al, 2020 ). Moreover, an overall higher intrusion frequency has been associated with reduced affect suppression (Gagnepain et al, 2017 ) and SIF (Levy & Anderson, 2012 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Index of Intrusion Control (IIC): Capturing individual variability in intentional intrusion control in the laboratory

Ashton,

Gagnepain,

Davidson

et al. 2024

Behav Res

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Intrusive memories can be downregulated using intentional memory control, as measured via the Think/No-Think paradigm. In this task, participants retrieve or suppress memories in response to an associated reminder cue. After each suppression trial, participants rate whether the association intruded into awareness. Previous research has found that repeatedly exerting intentional control over memory intrusions reduces their frequency. This decrease is often summarised with a linear index, which may miss more complex patterns characterising the temporal dynamics of intrusion control. The goal of this paper is to propose a novel metric of intrusion control that captures those dynamic changes over time as a single index. Results from a mega-analysis of published datasets revealed that the change in intrusion frequencies across time is not purely linear, but also includes non-linear dynamics that seem best captured by a log function of the number of suppression attempts. To capture those linear and non-linear dynamics, we propose the Index of Intrusion Control (IIC), which relies on the integral of intrusion changes across suppression attempts. Simulations revealed that the IIC best captured the linear and non-linear dynamics of intrusion suppression when compared with other linear or non-linear indexes of control, such as the regression slope or Spearman correlation, respectively. Our findings demonstrate how the IIC may therefore act as a more reliable metric to capture individual differences in intrusion control, and examine the role of non-linear dynamics characterizing the conscious access to unwanted memories.

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Section: Measuring Intrusion Control Across Suppression Attempts Thro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Index of Intrusion Control (IIC): Capturing individual variability in intentional intrusion control in the laboratory

Ashton,

Gagnepain,

Davidson

et al. 2024

Behav Res

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“…Prior to the FC analysis, and to determine whether the TNTA task was able to replicate the same patterns of neural activity observed in previous EEG studies concerning memory suppression (Bergström et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2022;López-Caneda et al, 2019;Waldhauser et al, 2012),…”

Section: Eeg Acquisition and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Trying to Forget Alcohol: Brain mechanisms underlying memory suppression in young binge drinkers

Almeida-Antunes,

Antón,

Crego

et al. 2024

Preprint

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People are able to voluntarily suppress unwanted thoughts or memories, a phenomenon known as suppression-induced forgetting or memory suppression. Despite harmful alcohol use, such as binge drinking, has been linked to impaired inhibitory control (IC) and augmented alcohol-cue reactivity, no study to date has assessed memory inhibition abilities towards alcohol-related cues in binge drinkers (BDs). Thus, the present preregistered study aimed to evaluate the behavioral and neurofunctional mechanisms associated with memory inhibition, specifically those related to the suppression of alcohol-related memories, in young BDs. For this purpose, electroencephalographic activity was recorded in eighty-two college students aged between 18 and 24 years old from the University of Minho (50% females; 40 non/low-drinkers [N/LDS] and 42 BDs) while they performed the Think/No-Think Alcohol task. Brain functional connectivity (FC) was calculated using the phase locking value and, subsequently, a dynamic seed-based analysis was conducted to explore the FC patterns between IC and memory networks. Comparatively to N/LDs, BDs exhibited decreased alpha-band FC between the anterior cingulate cortex and the left fusiform gyrus during attempts to suppress non-alcohol memories, accompanied by unsuccessful forgetting of those memories. Conversely, BDs displayed augmented gamma-band FC between the IC network and memory regions –i.e., hippocampus, parahippocampus and fusiform gyrus- during suppression of alcohol-related memories. Inhibitory abnormalities in BDs may lead to hypoconnectivity between IC and memory networks and deficient suppression of non-alcohol-related memories. However, while suppressing highly salient and reward-predicting stimuli, such as alcohol-related memories, BDs display a hyperconnectivity pattern between IC and memory networks, likely due to their augmented attention towards intrusive alcoholic memories and the attempts to compensate for potential underlying IC deficits. These findings hold important implications for alcohol research and treatment, as they open up new avenues for reducing alcohol use by shifting the focus to empowering suppression/control over alcohol-related memories.

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“…Regarding the EEG findings, most of the studies (n = 10; 58.8%) revealed reduced amplitudes in the late parietal positivity TA B L E 3 (Continued) (Bergström et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2022;Hellerstedt et al, 2016;López-Caneda et al, 2019) or other recollection-related parietal components (Bergström et al, 2009;Cano & Knight, 2016;Depue et al, 2013;Hanslmayr et al, 2009;Mecklinger et al, 2009;Satish et al, 2022) during MS attempts. Accordingly, two studies showed that decreased parietal positivity was associated with increased forgetting measures (Haghighi et al, 2020;Hanslmayr et al, 2009).…”

Section: Tnt Neurofunctional Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling addictive behaviors through memory suppression: A scoping review and perspective

de Almeida‐Antunes,

Sampaio,

Crego

et al. 2024

Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research

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Forgetting is often viewed as a human frailty. However, over the years, it has been considered an adaptive process that allows people to avoid retrieval of undesirable memories, preventing them from suffering and discomfort. Evidence shows that the ability to suppress memories is affected by several psychopathological conditions characterized by persistent unwanted thoughts, including anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorders. Nevertheless, memory suppression (MS) mechanisms in addiction—a clinical condition characterized by recurrent drug‐related thoughts that contribute to repeated drug use—have received little attention so far. Addiction theories reveal that drugs change behavior by working on memory systems, particularly on declarative memory, which is related to the retrieval and encoding of drug‐related memories. In this review, the main behavioral and neurofunctional findings concerning the Think/No‐Think task—an adaptation of the classical Go/No‐Go tasks typically used to evaluate the suppression of motor response—are presented. We then show how the memory system can be involved in the craving or anticipation/preoccupation stage of the addiction cycle. Subsequently, the study of MS in the context of addictive behaviors is highlighted as a promising approach for gaining knowledge about the mechanisms contributing to the continuation of addiction. Finally, we discuss how interventions aiming to strengthen this ability could impact the anticipation/preoccupation stage by (i) reducing the accessibility of drug‐related memories, (ii) decreasing craving and attention toward drug‐related stimuli, and (iii) improving overall inhibition abilities. In conclusion, this review aims to illustrate how the study of MS may be a valuable approach to enhance our understanding of substance use disorders by unveiling the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms involved, which could have important implications for addiction treatment.

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Can't stop thinking: The role of cognitive control in suppression-induced forgetting

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

The Index of Intrusion Control (IIC): Capturing individual variability in intentional intrusion control in the laboratory

The Index of Intrusion Control (IIC): Capturing individual variability in intentional intrusion control in the laboratory

Trying to Forget Alcohol: Brain mechanisms underlying memory suppression in young binge drinkers

Tackling addictive behaviors through memory suppression: A scoping review and perspective

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