Can success deflect racism? Clothing and perceptions of African American men

Gurung, Regan A. R.; Stoa, Rosalyn; Livingston, Nicholas; Mather, Hannah

doi:10.1080/00224545.2020.1787938

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Racial discrimination propagated by stereotypes is indeed an issue for Asian American women, and it is important to explore these issues as well as possible solutions for them. Our results are in line with past research that suggests clothing can have a significant impact on how one is perceived (Gurung et al, 2020;Kahn & Davies, 2017). However, in adding the dimensions of race and gender, our study demonstrated how clothing can have a con siderable effect on the way Asian American women specifically are perceived and can in fact be used as a means to influence these stereotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our design represents a first step into using a relatively simple variable, clothing, to predict perceptions. The sizable research literature on the linkage of clothing to sexism, and newer research showing how formal clothing may attenuate racist perceptions (Gurung et al, 2020) was matched here where professional clothing short circuits commonly held beliefs about Asian American women. This was a first step in examining the power of clothing in this respect, and the current design sets up some key next steps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Even very minor changes in one's clothing may greatly alter judgements made about that person (Howlett et al, 2013). More specifically, clothing can either enhance or mitigate racial stereotypes held by observers, as observers often have strong reactions to clothing associated with a specific group (i.e., stereotype congruent clothing; Gurung et al, 2020;Kahn & Davies, 2017). In one study, African Americans wearing stereotype incongruent formal clothing (suit coat, tie, dress shirt, dress pants) were rated significantly lower on a composite prejudice score by participants than African Americans in ste reotype congruent clothing (baggy shirt, bandana, gold chain, baggy pants), as the baggy clothing is stereotypically associated with African Americans (Livingston & Gurung, 2019).…”

Section: The Influence Of Clothing On Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Divided Attention on Memory for Road Signs

Foster¹,

Bell²

2021

PsiChiJournal

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We examined incidental learning of road signs under divided attention in a simulated naturalistic environment. We tested whether word-based versus symbol-based road signs were differentially maintained in working memory by dividing attention during encoding and measuring the effect on long-term memory. Participants in a lab watched a video from the point of view of a car driving the streets of a small town. Participants were instructed to indicate whether passing road signs in the video were on the left or right side of the street while either singing the Star-Spangled Banner (phonological divided attention) or describing familiar locations (visuospatial divided attention). For purposes of analysis, road signs were categorized as word signs if they contained words (e.g., a STOP sign) or as symbol signs if they contained illustrations or symbols (e.g., a pedestrian crosswalk sign). A surprise free recall test of the road signs indicated greater recall for word signs than symbol signs, and greater recall of signs for the phonological divided attention group than the visuospatial divided attention group. Critically, the proportion of correct recall of symbol signs was significantly lower for the visuospatial divided attention group than the phonological divided attention group, p = .02, d = 0.63, but recall for word signs was not significantly different between phonological and visuospatial groups, p = .09, d = 0.44. Results supported the hypothesis that visuospatial information—but not phonological information—is stored in working memory in a simulated naturalistic environment that involved incidental learning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Influence Of Clothing On Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Divided Attention on Memory for Road Signs

Foster¹,

Bell²

2021

PsiChiJournal

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“…Conversely, face patterns can capture attention even when disembodied (e.g., Johnson et al, 1991; Kelly et al, 2019; Wardle et al, 2020). More importantly for this task, presenting faces without bodies eliminates the potential influence of clothing cues to perceived group membership (Gurung et al, 2021). Considering the ingroup biases that have been observed consistently in face recognition (see Meissner & Brigham, 2001), if early perceptual processing during detection is also sensitive to differences between faces, then faces from the participants' own ethnic group should be detected with greater speed and accuracy relative to faces from other ethnic groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingroup and outgroup differences in face detection

Prunty

Jenkins

Qarooni

et al. 2022

British J of Psychology

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Humans show improved recognition for faces from their own social group relative to faces from another social group.Yet before faces can be recognized, they must first be detected in the visual field. Here, we tested whether humans also show an ingroup bias at the earliest stage of face processing -the point at which the presence of a face is first detected.To this end, we measured viewers' ability to detect ingroup (Black and White) and outgroup faces (Asian, Black, and White) in everyday scenes. Ingroup faces were detected with greater speed and accuracy relative to outgroup faces (Experiment 1). Removing face hue impaired detection generally, but the ingroup detection advantage was undiminished (Experiment 2). This same pattern was replicated by a detection algorithm using face templates derived from human data (Experiment 3). These findings demonstrate that the established ingroup bias in face processing can extend to the early process of detection. This effect is 'colour blind', in the sense that group membership effects are independent of general effects of image hue. Moreover, it can be captured by tuning visual templates to reflect the statistics of observers' social experience. We conclude that group bias in face detection is both a visual and a social phenomenon.

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“…Particular clothing items associated with Black people, such as hoodies and bandanas, have become “racialized” through their connection with gangs and criminality, priming Black stereotypes (MacLin & Herrera, 2006). Racialized clothing increases implicit racial stereotyping and biases decision-making in line with the stereotype (Gurung et al, 2020; Kahn & Davies, 2017). The CDC’s suggested use of bandanas for racial minorities during COVID-19 ignores the danger faced by Black people of “looking like a criminal” by wearing these face coverings in public.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

(Un)masking threat: Racial minorities experience race-based social identity threat wearing face masks during COVID-19

Kahn

Money

2021

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, racial minorities in the United States were left in a double bind when deciding to wear face masks to prevent the spread of the virus: risk being racially profiled or risk COVID-19. Two studies examine Black and Asian individuals’ experiences of race-related social identity threat wearing face masks during COVID-19, and its impact on safety and health behaviors. Black, Asian, and White participants in the United States responded to surveys (S1: N = 776; S2: N = 534) on their experiences wearing masks early in the pandemic (May 2020) and 3 months later (August 2020). Across both studies, results indicated that, compared to White individuals, Black and Asian participants reported experiencing mask-related, race-based social identity threat from both the public and police, with Black individuals particularly concerned about mask-related threat in police interactions. Mediational analyses demonstrated that mask-related social identity threat led to avoidance of police when help was needed at both time points, and decreased face mask usage early in the pandemic for both Black and Asian people. Results highlight these unique social identity concerns faced by racial minorities and have implications for protecting racial minorities’ health and safety during the pandemic.

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Can success deflect racism? Clothing and perceptions of African American men

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

The Effects of Divided Attention on Memory for Road Signs

The Effects of Divided Attention on Memory for Road Signs

Ingroup and outgroup differences in face detection

(Un)masking threat: Racial minorities experience race-based social identity threat wearing face masks during COVID-19

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