Can SOX-10 or KBA.62 Replace S100 Protein in Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Melanoma?

Abstract

Our findings suggest that SOX-10 may be superior to S100 protein for identifying metastatic melanoma in a lymph node. KBA.62 was less sensitive than either marker, although more specific than S100 protein.

Merkel cell carcinoma presenting as malignant ascites: A case report and review of literature

“…In a study by Vrotsos and Alexis, SOX-10 appears to be a sensitive and specific antibody for detection of metastases to a sentinel lymph node. [ 23 ] However, it's utility in malignant effusions have not been reported.…”

SOX10‐positive perivascular cells in sentinel lymph nodes: A reliably intrinsic internal control

“…Immunohistochemistry for SOX10, a transcription factor that plays an important role in development of the neural crest, serves as a highly sensitive and specific marker for melanoma detection. [3][4][5][6] In the context of SLN examination, SOX10 shares a similar profile to S100, although SOX10 has the advantages of sharp nuclear staining and lack of staining of macrophages and dendritic cells within nodal parenchyma. [4][5][6] However, SOX10 positivity within lymph nodes is not limited to melanocytic cells, as recently demon- interdigitating dendritic cells reside.…”

“…[3][4][5][6] In the context of SLN examination, SOX10 shares a similar profile to S100, although SOX10 has the advantages of sharp nuclear staining and lack of staining of macrophages and dendritic cells within nodal parenchyma. [4][5][6] However, SOX10 positivity within lymph nodes is not limited to melanocytic cells, as recently demon- interdigitating dendritic cells reside. While pericytes remain a possibility, the term "pericytes" is typically reserved for perivascular cells of myoid differentiation, supported by positivity for smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry.…”

“…Another rare entity, recently reported as a "superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor," is a wellcircumscribed dermal neoplasm characterized by pleomorphic spindle cells and extremely low mitotic activity; although the inflammatory component is present in some cases, the myxoid matrix characteristic of MIFS is not found. 6 Recently, fusion genes involving the PRDM10 gene has been described in this neoplasm suggesting an indolent behavior. 4 Myxofibrosarcoma is a multilobular neoplasm with infiltrative margins and a distinctive vascular pattern (thin-walled curvilinear vessels), and generally displays mitotic activity; pseudolipoblasts may also be seen.…”

“…2 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for melanocytic markers routinely assists in SLN examination for detection of subtle involvement, with recent studies demonstrating SOX10 to be a sensitive and specific marker with advantageous sharp nuclear staining. [3][4][5][6] Given that IHC relies on positive controls to ensure true negativity for metastasis, internal tissue controls hold great value. An excellent recent review of immunohistochemical quality control illustrated the importance of both external and internal control tissue, as a failure of either to stain may exclusively indicate a faulty IHC run 7.…”