Can Red Yeast (Sporidiobolus pararoseus) Be Used as a Novel Feed Additive for Mycotoxin Binders in Broiler Chickens?

Abstract

Mycotoxin-contaminated feeds may negatively affect broiler chickens' health; hence, a sustainable approach to achieve mycotoxin elimination is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of red yeast (Sporidiobolus pararoseus; RY) as a novel mycotoxin binder in broilers. A total of 1440 one-week-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 12 treatments in a 3 × 4 factorial design. The dietary treatments included three levels of mycotoxin-contaminated diets (0 µg kg−1 (0% of mycotoxin; MT), 50 µg kg−1 (50% MT), and 100 µg kg−1 (100% MT)) and four levels of mycotoxin binders (0.0 and 0.5 g kg−1 commercial binder, and 0.5 and 1.0 g kg−1 RY). Experimental diets were contaminated with aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol in the basal diet. Furthermore, the parameters including feed intake, body weight, and mortality rate were recorded on a weekly basis. After feeding for 28 days, blood and organ samples were collected randomly to determine the blood biochemistry, relative organ weights, and gut health. The results indicated that mycotoxin-contaminated diets reduced the average daily weight gain (ADG), villus height (VH), and villus height per the crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) of the intestine, as well as the population of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. in the cecal (p < 0.05), whereas they increased the mycotoxins concentration in the blood samples and the apoptosis cells (TUNEL positive) in the liver tissue (p < 0.01) of broiler chicken. In contrast, RY-supplemented diets had better ADG values and lower chicken mortality rates (p < 0.05). Moreover, these combinations positively impacted the relative organ weights, blood parameters, bacteria population, intestinal morphology, and pathological changes in the hepatocytes (p < 0.05). In conclusion, RY supplementation effectively alleviated the toxicity that is induced by AFB1 and OTA, mainly, and could potentially be applied as a novel feed additive in the broiler industry.

Genetic assessment of the effect of red yeast (Sporidiobolus pararoseus) as a feed additive on mycotoxin toxicity in laying hens

“…The ingredients and nutrient values of the control diet were given by Kanmanee et al (2022) . In the feeding trial of this study, red yeast (1.0 g/kg) was added to the control diet as a feed supplement and a liquid medium of mixed mycotoxin solutions (100 μg/kg) was sprayed on the control diet as a feed contaminant ( Srinual et al, 2022 ).…”

“…For this purpose, the control diet was contaminated with a high concentration of mycotoxin of about 100 μg/kg feed per type of mycotoxin as described by Srinual et al (2022) . Mycotoxins concentration in feed was measured before feeding to animals using Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS technique) according to Srinual et al (2022) . Mycotoxins in diet were measured in each of the experimental group in three replicates to determine the average mycotoxin residues.…”

“…Improper storage of crops and grains in high humidity along with high ambient temperature and inappropriate drying methods play an important role in the development of fungi and the production of toxins ( Kamle et al, 2022 ). Toxigenic fungi synthesize different types of mycotoxins, of which aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin (T-2), deoxynivalenol (DON), and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are the important mycotoxins in agricultural products and foodstuff ( Agriopoulou et al, 2020 ; El-Sayed et al, 2020 ; Srinual et al, 2022 ). Feed and food contaminated with toxinogenic fungi can cause disease and death in animals and humans, raising global concerns for food safety and health.…”

“…Furthermore, susceptibility to infectious diseases, impaired immunity, and a higher rate of mortality increased in animals fed with mycotoxin contaminated diet ( Eshetu et al, 2016 ; Santos Pereira et al, 2019 ; Popescu et al, 2022 ; Srinual et al, 2022 ). Harmful fungi are the major cause of feed contamination in poultry ( Srinual et al, 2022 ), which can affect various organs such as liver and kidneys and can impair the immune and nervous systems ( Murugesan et al, 2015 ), resulting in animal health damage and significant economic losses in the poultry industry and posing a safety risk to human consumers ( Ochieng et al, 2021 ). The degree of resistance or susceptibility to different mycotoxins varies considerably in poultry species ( Kulcsár et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Among biological control agents, yeast is of particular interest and a promising detoxification strategy for the poultry feed industry, being able to significantly degrade mycotoxins by adsorption through the cell wall ( Agriopoulou et al, 2020 ). Red yeast ( Sporidiobolus pararoseus ), a novel yeast used as a mycotoxin binder, acts as a prebiotic with antioxidant properties and possess high nutritional value for improving production traits in poultry species ( Tapingkae et al, 2018 ; Kanmanee et al, 2022 ; Srinual et al, 2022 ).…”