Can physical education state policies impact on youth’s health behaviors? A natural experiment study

Abstract

Since 2011 an educational policy promulgated that public schools from Pernambuco have had to offer physical education (PE) class in the same shift where students are enrolled. This study examined the impact of the implementation of an educational policy on PE offering and students’ participation, and whether health related behaviors could be moderated by PE participation. It was a natural experiment study performed with data obtained from two cross-sectional studies (2007 and 2012) of a sample (n = 715) of high-school students from Caruaru. PE offering was assessed by asking students if they had PE class and adapted questionnaire was used to assess health-related information. It was observed that before policy implementation, most of the students (♂: 72.4%; ♀: 69.0%) was not engaged in any PE class during the week. After policy implementation the proportion of students who had at least one PE class/week increased (♂: 68.7%; ♀: 68.9%). Having ≥1 PE classes was not associated with the amount of physical activity either before (♂: OR = 1.47 (95%CI: 0.78 – 2.76)); ♀: OR = 1.02 (95%CI: 0.61– 1.72) or after (♂: OR = 0.90 (95%CI: 0.51 – 1.58)); ♀: OR = 1.06 (95%CI: 0.63 – 1.80) policy implementation. Fruit consumption was the only health-related behavior associated to PE class (♂: OR = 1.55 (95%CI: 1.01 – 2.70); ♀: OR = 1.48 (95%CI: 1.02 – 2.10). PE offering and participation of students improved and it seems that implementation of new policies for PE might impact on students’ behaviors, although, regarding to some limitations, not sufficiently to impact on overall students’ health behaviors.

Participação nas aulas de Educação Física em Pernambuco: uma análise de tendência temporal

“…In João Pessoa, another study pointed out that 41.9% of high school students participated in two or more PE classes per week, and participation in PE classes was associated with a higher level of PA and better health perception 10 . In the interior of the state of Pernambuco, the results show the same trend as the aforementioned studies, pointing out that after the implementation of curricular regulations improving the offer of SPE classes and increasing student participation, there was an improvement in health behaviors 11 .…”