Can Persistent Children Hyperglycemia Be Induced by Causes Other Than Pancreas Failure?

Abstract

In this work, children's persistent hyperglycemia has been revised using the available literature to support the proposed reasoning. Based on this study, we have shown that the human glycemic management system must be seen as coupled and integrated by four subsystems, namely, production system, consumption system, distribution system, control system, and also it should be seen as coupled to external noxious factors/stressors, if not we show that the glycemic homeostasis analysis might be defective and might induce, in many cases, a misdiagnosis of the causes of the persistent hyperglycemia under consideration. Also, in this work, some considerations were presented to show that anomalies in the cerebral glycemic control through the glucose sensor neurons might be a possible cause/origin of some of the glycemic abnormalities and dysfunctions (however, not only the known related hypoglycemia but also hyperglycemia) that occur in childhood. Finally, it is shown that persistent novel external noxious factors of modernity or noxious factors already known, but amplified by modernity, such as persistent stress, media induced fears, and phobias, environmental pollution, and electromagnetic pollution, can and should also be considered as possible precursors for the development of anomalies in the juvenile homeostatic glycemic system that might well be, if intense and persistent, the driver of the worldwide observed T1DM epidemic events.

Can the Glucose Central Control System Dysfunctions Induce Diabetes Mellitus?

“…The glucose homeostasis and its management system are kept by a complex coupled nonlinear system of organs, hormones, and electric circuits. The complexity of this system can be exemplified by the action of the astrocyte neurons which act via the autonomic system connections with the liver, pancreas, and adrenal gland and so to maintain the glucose homeostasis [1] [6]- [20].…”

“…Closing this section, we can mention that it is possible to perceive the persistent hyperglycemia driving the body to T1DM via two mechanisms, the first, the conventional view perceives an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells, where the loss of beta-cells leads to insulin insufficiency and severe persistent hyperglycemia, with patients eventually requiring lifelong insulin therapy to maintain normal glycemic control [1] [32] [33] [34]. On the other hand, there is also a possible second alternative view of the problem proposed here that should work for many cases of misdiagnosed T1DM and also for cases of idiopathic diabetes.…”

“…Persistent hyperglycemia can have a variety of causes and not properly treated can evolve into diabetes mellitus [1] [2] [3].…”

“…The standard model to explain the acute persistent hyperglycemia causing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is pancreas failures due to the destruction of the beta cells by the immune system. This causes the production of insulin by the pancreas to shut down and so the persistent hyperglycemia and the T1DM set up [1] [2] [3].…”

“…Persistent hyperglycemia is also related to other types of diabetes such T2DM, diabetes mellitus type 3 and others [1]. These types are called non-insulin-dependent diabetes.…”