Can Ningaloo Niño/Niña Develop Without El Niño–Southern Oscillation?

Kataoka, Takahito; Masson, Sébastien; Izumo, Takeshi; Tozuka, Tomoki; Yamagata, Toshio

doi:10.1029/2018gl078188

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, relaxation or reversal of the southerly winds can further enhance heating, as occurred during the La Niña event of 2010-2011, when weak, northerly winds combined with an unusually strong summer Leeuwin Current to elevate summer maximum sea temperatures by 2-4 • C in the region. This extraordinary build-up of warm Indian Ocean water along the Western Australian coast was coined the "Ningaloo Niño" Pearce and Feng, 2013) and has recently been proposed to occur even in the absence of ENSO influences (Kataoka et al, 2018). The shallow, semi-enclosed geography of Shark Bay means it is particularly susceptible to anomalous air-sea heat fluxes such as the conditions observed during the Ningaloo Niño and other climatic events, a factor which has generally been overlooked in broad scale regional studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of How Multiple Stressors From an Extreme Event Drove Ecosystem-Wide Loss of Resilience in an Iconic Seagrass Community

et al. 2019

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species (e.g., Halodule uninervis). Those biotic effects also impacted multiple consumer populations including turtles and dugongs, with implications for species dynamics, food web structure, and ecosystem recovery. We show multiple stressors can combine to evoke extreme ecological responses by pushing ecosystems beyond their tolerance. Finally, both direct abiotic and indirect biotic effects need to be explicitly considered when attempting to understand and predict how ECEs will alter marine ecosystem dynamics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of How Multiple Stressors From an Extreme Event Drove Ecosystem-Wide Loss of Resilience in an Iconic Seagrass Community

et al. 2019

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“…In particular, the latent heat fluxes (evaporation) could largely contribute to moisture budget changes in the atmosphere during the period of Ningaloo Niño and thus air-sea interaction. A recent modeling study demonstrates that the Ningaloo Niño could develop without ENSO, and the intrinsic air-sea interaction alone may induce atmospheric cyclonic circulation anomalies and a stronger Leeuwin Current (Kataoka et al, 2018). As the present study suggests the importance of the resolution of SST for the latent heat flux estimates off the west coast of Australia, coupled model simulations using the high-resolution ocean component would be useful to investigate the feedbacks between the atmosphere and ocean that control the development of Ningaloo Niño.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-Sea Heat Flux Variability in the Southeast Indian Ocean and Its Relation With Ningaloo Niño

Xue

Shinoda

2019

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Previous studies suggest that both air-sea heat flux anomalies and heat advection caused by an anomalous Leeuwin Current play an important role in modulating the sea surface temperature (SST) variability associated with the Ningaloo Niño. However, the estimates of surface heat fluxes vary substantially with the datasets, and the uncertainties largely depend on the time scale and locations. This study investigates air-sea flux variability associated with the Ningaloo Niño using multiple datasets of surface fluxes. The climatological net surface heat flux off the west coast of Australia from six major air-sea flux products shows large uncertainties, which exceeds 80 W m −2 , especially in the austral summer when the Ningaloo Niño develops. These uncertainties stem mainly from those in shortwave radiation and latent heat flux. The use of different bulk flux algorithms and uncertainties of bulk atmospheric variables (wind speed and air specific humidity) are mostly responsible for the difference in latent heat flux climatology between the datasets. The composite evolution of air-sea heat fluxes over the life cycle of Ningaloo Niño indicates that the anomalous latent heat flux is dominant for the net surface heat flux variations, and that the uncertainties in latent heat flux anomaly largely depend on the phase of the Ningaloo Niño. During the recovery period of Ningaloo Niño, large negative latent heat flux anomalies (cooling the ocean) are evident in all datasets and thus significantly contribute to the SST cooling. Because the recovery of winds occurs earlier than SST, high SST and strong winds favor large evaporative cooling during the recovery phase. In contrast, the role of latent heat flux during the developing phase is not clear, because the sign of the anomalies depends on the datasets in this period. The use of high-resolution SST data, which can adequately represent SST variations produced by the anomalous Leeuwin Current, could largely reduce the errors in latent heat flux anomalies during the onset and peak phases.

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“…The subtropical coast of west Australia has witnessed major MHWs during the past decades, such as in 2010-2011 , resulting in massive coral bleaching and decimation of economically important fish species (Wernberg et al 2013). These MHWs are generally instigated by an anomalous strengthening of the Leeuwin Current during strong La Niña events (Figure 2.3d) and further facilitated by local air-sea-land coupling and the MJO (Kataoka et al 2018). Farther north, MHWs have also led to massive coral bleaching in the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean, the tropical oceans near the maritime continent, and off the coast of northwest Australia , such as in early 2016.…”

Section: Extreme Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2020

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THIS EDITION of Exchanges focuses on the recent decadal review of the Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS) and its outcomes. IndOOS was established in 2006 under the visionary leadership of Dr. Gary Meyers (1941-2016), the founding chair of the CLIVAR/IOC-GOOS Indian Ocean Regional Panel (IORP), to address the need for a sustained observing system that consists of a variety of observing platforms to support weather and climate research and prediction. Key founding components of the IndOOS were a tropical basin-wide mooring array-the Research moored Array for African Asian Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA)-and a network of repeat expendable bathythermograph (XBT) lines. Broad international participation and support, facilitated and coordinated by the regional GOOS alliance (IO-GOOS) and the IndOOS Resources Forum (IRF), have played a crucial role in maximizing the limited resources available to implement the IndOOS. IndOOS has now passed the 10-year milestone. A full decadal review report has recently been released as the outcome of a three-year review effort led by the IORP co-chairs, Lisa Beal, Jérôme Vialard, and Mathew Koll Roxy, with a writing team comprising more than 60 scientific experts. As highlighted in their article in this issue, the decadal review has generated 136 actionable recommendations and led to a roadmap of an enhanced observing system for the next decade (2020-2030). This second phase, IndOOS-2 (Figure 1, cover page), is designed to meet the current and future societal needs for seamless prediction of Indian Ocean climate and ecosystems across a wide range of timescales, from days to seasons to years to decades to centuries and beyond. Achieving goals of IndOOS-2 will depend critically on capacity building, resource management, regional partnerships, and information sharing. It is becoming more important than ever that the scientific community actively engages with stakeholders, policy makers, and civil society in the Indian Ocean rim countries to build and sustain IndOOS-2, and to address the grand challenges identified by the World Climate Research Program and the societal outcomes envisioned under the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The main body of this edition is a condensed version of the full IndOOS-2 report, reorganized under five main science themes: natural and anthropogenic warming of the Indian Ocean, monsoon and regional airsea interaction, ocean processes and modelling, physical and biogeochemical processes and interactions, and climate information and prediction across timescales. These themed articles, written by many lead authors of the full report, are meant to provide collective reviews that address the progress made and the gaps that still exist in understanding the complex dynamical and biogeochemical processes in the Indian Ocean, and in improving prediction skills for weather, climate, and ecosystems. The OceanObs'19 (16-21 September 2019, Hawaii) called for new cooperative models for Observing System Governance to better align...

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Can Ningaloo Niño/Niña Develop Without El Niño–Southern Oscillation?

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

A Systematic Review of How Multiple Stressors From an Extreme Event Drove Ecosystem-Wide Loss of Resilience in an Iconic Seagrass Community

A Systematic Review of How Multiple Stressors From an Extreme Event Drove Ecosystem-Wide Loss of Resilience in an Iconic Seagrass Community

Air-Sea Heat Flux Variability in the Southeast Indian Ocean and Its Relation With Ningaloo Niño

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