Can new paradigms bring new perspectives for mismatch negativity studies in schizophrenia?

Abstract

Attenuation of mismatch negativity (MMN), event-related potential (ERP) that assess dysfunction in auditory change detection, is a robust finding in schizophrenia. Most studies on MMN in schizophrenia use a two-tone paradigm in which the deviant sound has a different duration or frequency. Because this oddball paradigm has provided consistent results over time and has proven to be a reliable research tool, it dominates this area of research. Over twenty years of investigation into MMN in schizophrenia have shown that change in any of the characteristics of stimulation results in MMN; however there is surprisingly little evidence on MMN in schizophrenia from studies using stimulation other than the typical oddball paradigm. In this paper we focus on studies which have assessed auditory change discrimination in schizophrenia employing paradigms other than a typical oddball. We also briefly discuss research on visual MMN in schizophrenia. The aim was to highlight how research using new paradigms has added to understanding of MMN in schizophrenia. In conclusion we discuss stimulation which could be useful for future research on MMN in schizophrenia.

Mismatch Negativity (MMN): Komponen Event-Related Potentials (ERP) sebagai Penanda Aktivitas Otomatis Otak dalam Mendeteksi Perubahan

“…MMN merupakan indeks objektif terhadap kemampuan akurasi individu dalam mendiskriminasi suara maupun sebagai penanda untuk sensori memori (Jaaskelainen et al, 1999;Näätänen et al, 2005;Sams et al, 1993;Winkler et al, 1993), attention switching (Squires et al, 1975;Sussman et al, 2003), pemrosesan bahasa (Honbolygó et al, 2020;Kostilainen et al, 2018;Kotzor et al, * Alamat Korespondensi: zulfikrikhakim@gmail.com 2017), hingga musik (Kliuchko et al, 2019;Vuust et al, 2011). MMN telah digunakan dalam konteks klinis seperti skizofrenia (Jarkiewicz & Wichniak, 2015;Koshiyama et al, 2020), dyslexia (Baldeweg et al, 1999;Korne et al, 1998), pada pasien koma dan dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi siuman (Fischer et al, 2006), berbagai kondisi gangguan pendengaran (Engstrom et al, 2021;Fernandes et al, 2019;Kliuchko et al, 2016), gangguan mood (Bissonnette et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2020), hingga pasien sakit kronis (Fan et al, 2018).…”

Deficient Emotional Intelligence and Dysfunctional Early Emotional Prosody Processing Varying with the Severity of Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenics

“…SPs are functionally associated with fundamental deficits in central auditory processing, such as P50 for sensory gating [11], N100 for early auditory encoding [11], P200 for selective attention [12], MMN for automatic pre-attentive processing [13,14], and P300 for later attentiondependent processing [15]. On one hand, SPs with AH present spontaneous hyperactivity in the auditory-perceptual system, which can interfere with auditory processing [16,17] and subsequently render the individual vulnerability to deficits in affect perception [18].…”