Can neutral dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) decrease occurrence of clinical periparturient hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle?

Hassan, Ebrahim Bani; Nouri, Mohammad; Vogrin, Sara; Pyman, MF

doi:10.1111/avj.12712

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Ingestion of anionic diet at the end of pregnancy is proven to be effective in preventing the occurrence of HPP (Joyce et al 1997, Charbonneau et al 2006, DeGaris & Lean 2009, Lean et al 2013, Hassan et al 2018, also called clinical hypocalcemia, certainly because it prevents the fall of calcemia from being very accentuated at the beginning of lactation. In fact, during the study period, the frequency of HPP cases was very low in the herd (9/591; 1.5%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supply of diets with low DCAD at the end of pregnancy has been in use for four decades and is widespread, including in Brazilian dairy herds. Its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of HPP is proven (Charbonneau et al 2006, Lean et al 2013, Hassan et al 2018). In the case of SCH, it is estimated that the intake of anionic diet can halve the incidence of this condition (Goff 2008, Oetzel 2013, however, there is a lack of scientific evidence to support this statement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prepartum anionic diet induces hyperchloremic acidosis in high-producing dairy cows without preventing subclinical hypocalcemia

et al. 2020

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In this study we evaluated the effects of the prepartum anionic diet on the electrolyte balance and calcemia of high producing dairy cows in the first days of lactation, and investigated the impact on the frequency of subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH). Sixty healthy Holstein cows, producing 30 kg of milk/day, handled in intensive system (compost barn), were distributed in groups (n=15) according to lactation order: first, second, third, and fourth to sixth. In the last three weeks before calving they received a diet with negative DCAD (-6mEq/100g DM) and high chloride content. After calving, they received a diet with positive DCAD (18mEq/100g DM). Urine pH was measured before calving. Serum Na+, Cl-, K+, and total Ca concentrations, and the strong ion difference (SID3) were determined in samples taken soon after calving (0h), 24, 48, 72 and 96h after. The frequencies of SCH were determined considering the critical value of 2.125mmol/L (8.5mg/dL). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and chi-square test were used for comparisons. The cows eliminated acidic urine before calving. Na+, K+, Cl-, and SID3 values did not differ between groups. Na+ and K+ did not vary between days; Cl- was elevated at calving and decreased until 72h; and SID3 was reduced at calving and increased up to 48h. The Ca levels were reduced until 24h and increased up to 72h. Cows of third and fourth to sixth lactations presented lower values up to 24h. SCH was observed in almost half of the cows (43.3% to 55%) until 48h. The maintenance of hypocalcemia for three or more consecutive days occurred in 53.3% of third and fourth to sixth lactations cows. Ingestion of a high chloride prepartum anionic diet led to hyperchloremic acidosis and this imbalance was reversed on the second postpartum day. The induced effects on electrolyte and acid-base balances were not able to prevent the occurrence of SCH in the first days of lactation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepartum anionic diet induces hyperchloremic acidosis in high-producing dairy cows without preventing subclinical hypocalcemia

et al. 2020

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“…However, the wide variety of additional terminology has made matters confusing. "Milk fever" and "parturient paresis" are often used interchangeably in the literature to describe dairy cattle that are unable to stand due to acute hypocalcemia during the transition period (Deiner et al, 2012;Bani Hassan et al, 2018). However, although "parturient paresis" implies clinical signs, there are instances in which "milk fever" is used simply to describe hypocalcemia without specifying that affected cattle are in a nonambulatory state (Ducusin et al, 2003).…”

Section: Nonambulatory Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of the analytical literature concerning nonambulatory dairy cattle

McFarlane

Renaud

Reedman

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Nonambulatory dairy cattle pose a complex problem due to the challenges associated with prevention, appropriate treatment and management, and arriving at an accurate prognosis. There is a breadth of literature regarding this topic, of which there is currently no formal synthesis. The objective of this scoping review was to describe and characterize the literature investigating risk factors, sequela, preventions, treatments, and prognostic factors for nonambulatory conditions in dairy cattle, with the intent of qualitatively synthesizing knowledge of the topic and identifying gaps in the literature. A literature search was conducted in 6 databases and 2 conference proceeding archives, which returned 7,568 unique articles. Initial screening of abstracts resulted in 1,544 articles reviewed at the full-text stage, of which 379 were included for data extraction. Over 75% of the included literature was published after 1980, and the most common countries in which these studies took place were the United States (n = 72), Canada (18), Sweden (17), and Germany (17). Common eligibility criteria used for inclusion were geographic region (97) and parity (92). Of the 379 studies included in this review, 144 were randomized controlled trials and 235 were observational studies. The majority of the controlled trials assessed prevention of nonambulatory conditions (116), most commonly through supplementation of vitamin D (27) and calcium (25) or the provision of anionic salts (22). Of the 28 studies focusing on treatment of nonambulatory conditions, 26 focused on calcium administration. Becoming nonambulatory was evaluated as an outcome in 165 of the observational studies. Frequently measured risk factors for becoming nonambulatory included hematological variables, such as blood calcium (73), phosphorus (53) and magnesium (42), and other factors such as parity (35) and breed (22). Recovery from a nonambulatory condition was the outcome in 31 of the observational studies, with commonly measured prognostic indicators being calcium (9), phosphorus (9), and duration of recumbency (7). Nonambulatory disorders were measured as risk factors in 53 of the observational studies, with the most commonly assessed outcomes including disorders of the transition period (11), and death or euthanasia (11). The most common terms used to describe nonambulatory conditions were "milk fever" (199) and "parturient paresis" (147). These terms were only further defined with explicit symptomatic criteria in 193 of the 379 studies in this review. Recumbency was the most commonly used of these criteria (144), followed by inability to rise (55). Potential gaps in the literature concerning nonambulatory dairy cattle that were identified in the present review included investigation of prognostic indicators for recovery from nonambulatory conditions that are applicable on farm, treatment alternatives to calcium administration, and guidance regarding the appropriate usage of terms meant to categorize nonambulatory dairy cattle.

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“…Neutral dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) seems to be as effective as highly negative, or acidic, DCAD in decreasing the prevalence of milk fever, according to an observational cross‐sectional study …”

Section: Production Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In this issue – July 2018: Recommendations on equine PPID · Prevalence of alphaviruses in horses in North Queensland · Endoscopic transection of uterine tube bands in mares · Radiography vs CT in osteomyelitis in foals · Transmission of BVDV to alpacas · Dietary pH balance in cows with milk fever

Jackson¹

2018

Aust Veterinary J

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Can neutral dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) decrease occurrence of clinical periparturient hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle?

Abstract: Further research is recommended to investigate the effects of neutral DCAD on subclinical hypocalcaemia and food intake of the cattle.

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Prepartum anionic diet induces hyperchloremic acidosis in high-producing dairy cows without preventing subclinical hypocalcemia

Prepartum anionic diet induces hyperchloremic acidosis in high-producing dairy cows without preventing subclinical hypocalcemia

A scoping review of the analytical literature concerning nonambulatory dairy cattle

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