Can Modulation of Mammary Gland Development by Dietary Factors Support Breast Cancer Prevention?

Wärri, Anni; Saarinen, Niina M.; Mäkelä, Sari

doi:10.1159/000102869

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Table 1 indicates that all studies investigating an effect on mammary tumorigenesis report a reduction in risk in rats exposed to genistein via feed or through subcutaneous administration. The effects of genistein exposure on mammary gland morphology have been recently reviewed by Warri et al (2007), and they are consistent with the protective effect. All studies that investigated mammary gland morphology at the time the gland is most susceptible to malignant transformation indicate a reduction in the number of TEBs and an increase in lobular differentiation (Table 1).…”

Section: Ratsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Further, the mouse studies are more diverse than the rat studies concerning the age when the mammary gland morphology was studied. The findings obtained in these studies show that mice exposed to genistein during fetal development exhibit an increase in the number of TEBs as adults (reviewed by Warri et al, 2007). According to different studies, neonatal and/or pubertal genistein/ SPI exposure either increases (Luijten et al, 2004;Thomsen et al, 2005) or reduces (Yang et al, 2003) …”

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 98%

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The role of early life genistein exposures in modifying breast cancer risk

et al. 2008

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Review of the existing literature suggests that consumption of soy foods or an exposure to a soy isoflavone genistein during childhood and adolescence in women, and before puberty onset in animals, reduces later mammary cancer risk. In animal studies, an exposure that is limited to the fetal period or adult life does not appear to have the same protective effect. A meta-analysis of human studies indicates a modest reduction in pre-and postmenopausal risk when dietary intakes are assessed during adult life. These findings concur with emerging evidence indicating that timing may be vitally important in determining the effects of various dietary exposures on the susceptibility to develop breast cancer. In this review, we address the mechanisms that might mediate the effects of an early life exposure to genistein on the mammary gland. The focus is on changes in gene expression, such as those involving BRCA1 and PTEN. It will be debated whether mammary stem cells are the targets of genistein-induced alterations and also whether the alterations are epigenetic. We propose that the effects on mammary gland morphology and signalling pathways induced by pubertal exposure to genistein mimic those induced by the oestrogenic environment of early first pregnancy.

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Section: Ratsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 98%

The role of early life genistein exposures in modifying breast cancer risk

et al. 2008

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“…On the other hand, it seems unlikely that inhibited tumorigenesis rests solely in an effect of dietary FA absence on mammary gland development, since the adult mice examined in that experiment already have definite mammary gland architecture less susceptible to morphological changes. Nonetheless, inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis was more pronounced when the FA‐free diet was administered to younger mice, when mammary gland morphogenesis is a dynamic process subject to proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms (Fata et al, 2001; Warri et al, 2007). It is possible that exposure of young mice to a FA‐free diet did modify the physiological processes involved in mammary gland morphogenesis so that tumorigenesis was delayed and also that starting the FA‐free diet administration at a later age, tumor cells were already present in mammary tissue and, as a consequence, the dietary effects on transformed cells resulted impaired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fatty acid‐free diet on mammary tumor development and growth rate in HER‐2/neu transgenic mice

Rossini

Zanobbio

Sfondrini

et al. 2012

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Numerous investigations have found a relationship between higher risk of cancer and increased intake of fats, while results of clinical studies of fat reduction and breast cancer recurrence have been mixed. A diet completely free of fats cannot be easily administered to humans, but experimental studies in mice can be done to determine whether this extreme condition influences tumor development. Here, we examined the effects of a FA-free diet on mammary tumor development and growth rate in female FVB-neu proto-oncogene transgenic mice that develop spontaneous multifocal mammary tumors after a long latency period. Mice were fed a fatty acid-free diet beginning at 112, 35, and 30 days of age. In all these experiments, tumor appearance was delayed, tumor incidence was reduced and the mean number of palpable mammary tumors per mouse was lower, as compared to standard diet-fed mice. By contrast, tumor growth rate was unaffected in mice fed the fatty acid-free diet. Plasma of mice fed the fatty acid-free diet revealed significantly higher contents of oleic, palmitoleic and 20:3ω9 acids and lower contents of linoleic and palmitic acids. In conclusion, these findings indicate that a FA-free diet reduces tumor incidence and latency but not tumor growth rate, suggesting that a reduction in dietary FAs in humans may have a protective effect on tumorigenesis but not on tumors once they appear.

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“…There is, therefore, considerable interest in dietary approaches affecting, to a significant extent, breast cancer risk, particularly for predisposed females [8]. Approaches to chemoprevention/treatment range from antagonism to proteins with stimulatory properties on metastases development, e. g., endothelin [53], to hormonal components [54], and to general advice on food consumption and life habits [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced mammary tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model fed an isoflavone‐poor soy protein concentrate

Chiesa¹,

Rigamonti

Lovati

et al. 2008

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Dietary exposure to soy has been associated with reduced breast cancer incidence. Soy isoflavones and protein components, such as protease inhibitors and the lunasin peptide, have been indicated as potential agents reducing carcinogenesis. In this study, the effect of soy-based diets was evaluated in a transgenic mouse model of breast carcinoma, overexpressing the neu oncogene. Neu female mice were fed for 20 wk a soy- and isoflavone-free diet (IFD), 4RF21 laboratory mouse diet, soy-based, thus isoflavone-rich (STD), or AIN-76-based semisynthetic diets with a soy protein isolate (SPI) or an isoflavone-poor soy protein concentrate (IPSP) as protein source. Mice were then sacrificed and tumors removed. Mammary tumor weights were not different in SPI versus IFD and STD fed mice. In contrast, mice fed IPSP showed reduced tumor progression versus IFD and STD groups (p< 0.05). Moreover, IPSP fed mice showed lower bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into breast tumor cells compared to STD and SPI fed animals (p < 0.02). Lung metastases were detected in 80% of IFD fed mice, in 70% of mice fed STD and SPI, and only in 50% of the IPSP fed animals. These results indicate that a diet containing an isoflavone-poor soy protein concentrate may inhibit breast tumor progression and metastasis development.

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Can Modulation of Mammary Gland Development by Dietary Factors Support Breast Cancer Prevention?

Cited by 6 publications

References 154 publications

The role of early life genistein exposures in modifying breast cancer risk

The role of early life genistein exposures in modifying breast cancer risk

Influence of fatty acid‐free diet on mammary tumor development and growth rate in HER‐2/neu transgenic mice

Reduced mammary tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model fed an isoflavone‐poor soy protein concentrate

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