Can Mobile Technology Help Prevent the Burden of Dementia in Low- and Mid-Income Countries?

Bonnechère, Bruno; Sahakian, Barbara J.

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.554938

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Third, our analysis was conducted using unweighted data and, while this does not affect the validity of our estimates, it makes the sample no longer representative of older adults in England as a whole. 1 A considerable strength of our study was employing a natural experiment, based on community water fluoridation schemes, which is well established as a critical intervention to improve population oral health [16]. The use of instrumental variable methods in this field is novel and can address methodological limitations in existing oral-cognitive health research, particularly unobserved confounders and reverse causality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dementia and cognitive impairment are among the leading pressing healthcare challenges as populations age [1], with dementia affecting over 55 million people in 2019, or 0.7% of the world's population, and it is projected to rise to over 130 million in 2050 [2][3][4]. Its cost, worldwide, was estimated at US$ 1.3 trillion in 2019, increasing to US$ 2.8 trillion USD in 2030 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do missing teeth cause early-onset cognitive impairment? Re-examining the evidence using a quasi-natural experiment

Santoso

Serrano‐Alarcón

Stuckler

et al. 2022

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Multiple studies have reported a positive association between missing teeth and cognitive impairment. While some authors have postulated causal mechanisms, existing designs preclude assessing this. Methods We sought evidence of a causal effect of missing teeth on early-onset cognitive impairment in a natural experiment, using differential exposure to fluoridated water during critical childhood years (ages 5–20 years) in England as the instrument. We coded missing teeth from 0 (≤ 12 missing) to 3 (all missing) and measured the association with cognitive impairment in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing data (2014–5), covering 4958 persons aged 50–70 years. Results We first replicated previous evidence of the strongly positive association of missing teeth with cognitive impairment (β = 0.25 [0.11, 0.39]), after adjusting for socio-demographic covariates, such as age, gender, education, and wealth. Using an instrumental variable design, we found that childhood exposure to water fluoridation was strongly associated with fewer missing teeth, with being exposed to fluoridated water during childhood (16 years) associated with a 0.96 reduction in the missing teeth scale (β = − 0.06 [− 0.10, − 0.02]). However, when using the instrumented measure of missing teeth, predicted by probability of fluoride exposure, we found that missing teeth no longer had an association with cognitive impairment (β = 1.48 [− 1.22, 4.17]), suggesting that previous oral health-cognitive impairment associations had unobserved confounding. Conclusions Our findings are consistent with the possibility that unobserved confounding leads to the oft-observed association between missing teeth and early-onset cognitive impairment, suggesting that the relationship is spurious rather than causal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do missing teeth cause early-onset cognitive impairment? Re-examining the evidence using a quasi-natural experiment

Santoso

Serrano‐Alarcón

Stuckler

et al. 2022

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Current modalities of rehabilitation include both supervised and unsupervised exercises, but advances in technology are opening new horizons in this field ( 35 , 36 ). Potential solutions to increase both the quantity and the quality of the rehabilitation include the use of mobile technologies and virtual reality (VR) ( 37 ). These solutions broaden the potential of the healthcare sector, at least in high-income nations ( 38 ), and can be a low-cost alternative to current rehabilitation modalities, as they do not require immediate access to healthcare clinics or personnel ( 39 ).…”

Section: Potential Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation: a key service, yet highly underused, in the management of young patients with sickle cell disease after stroke in DR of Congo

Boma,

Panda,

Ngoy Mande

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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“…The main risk factor for the development of cognitive decline is aging [1]. According to the WHO, the prevalence of dementia in the population over 60 years is 5-8% [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the WHO, the prevalence of dementia in the population over 60 years is 5-8% [2]. This represents a burden for patients, families, and countries and is, therefore, a major public health problem that must be addressed [1]. One of the most relevant aspects of cognitive impairment is the loss of personal autonomy and independence in everyday life [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of Daily Living and Categorization Skills of Elderly with Cognitive Deficit: A Preliminary Study

et al. 2021

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Cognitive dysfunction affects the performance of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the quality of life of people with these deficits and their caregivers. To the knowledge of the authors, to date, there are few studies that focus on knowing the relationship between personal autonomy and deductive reasoning and/or categorization skills, which are necessary for the performance of the ADL. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between ADL and categorization skills in older people. The study included 51 participants: 31 patients with cognitive impairment and 20 without cognitive impairment. Two tests were administered to assess cognitive functions: (1) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); and (2) the digital version of Riska Object Classification test (ROC-d). In addition, the Routine Tasks Inventory-2 (RTI-2) was applied to determine the level of independence in activities of daily living. People with cognitive impairment performed poorly in categorization tasks with unstructured information (p = 0.006). Also, the results found a high correlation between cognitive functioning and the performance of ADLs (Physical ADL: r = 0.798; p < 0.001; Instrumental ADL: r = 0.740; p < 0.001), a moderate correlation between Physical ADLs and categorization skills (unstructured ROC-d: r = 0.547; p < 0.001; structured ROC-d: r = 0.586; p < 0.001) and Instrumental ADLs and categorization skills in older people (unstructured ROC-d: r = 0.510; p < 0.001; structured ROC-d: r = 0.463; p < 0.001). The ROC-d allows the assessment of categorization skills to be quick and easy, facilitating the assessment process by OT, as well as the accuracy of the data obtained.

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Can Mobile Technology Help Prevent the Burden of Dementia in Low- and Mid-Income Countries?

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Do missing teeth cause early-onset cognitive impairment? Re-examining the evidence using a quasi-natural experiment

Do missing teeth cause early-onset cognitive impairment? Re-examining the evidence using a quasi-natural experiment

Rehabilitation: a key service, yet highly underused, in the management of young patients with sickle cell disease after stroke in DR of Congo

Activities of Daily Living and Categorization Skills of Elderly with Cognitive Deficit: A Preliminary Study

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