Can metabolically healthy obesity be explained by diet, genetics, and inflammation?

Navarro, Estanis; Funtikova, Anna N.; Fitó, Montserrat; Schröder, Helmut

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400521

Cited by 76 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 231 publications

(298 reference statements)

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“…To this end, although anthropometric data are fundamental tools in the assessment of patients with endocrinemetabolic and cardiovascular disorders, specific subsets may require joint anthropometric and laboratory evaluation to improve diagnostic acuity. This is the case of metabolically ill subjects with normal anthropometric parameters, a group that has propelled the concept of ''metabolic phenotypes'', which is currently undergoing intensive research in the field of endocrinology [42,43].…”

Section: Newly Diagnosedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose Prediction Using Anthropometric Indices in Adults from Maracaibo City, Venezuela

et al. 2016

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To determine the predictive power of various anthropometric indices for the identification of dysglycemic states in Maracaibo, Venezuela. A cross-sectional study with randomized, multi-staged sampling was realized in 2230 adult subjects of both genders who had their body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio (WHR) determined. Diagnoses of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were made following ADA 2015 criteria. ROC curves were used to evaluate the predictive power of each anthropometric parameter. Area under the curve (AUC) values were compared through Delong's test. Of the total 2230 individuals (52.6 % females), 8.4 % were found to have DM2, and 19.5 % had IFG. Anthropometric parameters displayed greater predictive power regarding newly diagnosed diabetics, where WHR was the most important predictor in both females (AUC = 0.808; CI 95 % 0.715-0.900. Sensitivity: 82.8 %; specificity: 76.2 %) and males (AUC = 0.809; CI 95 % 0.736-0.882. Sensitivity: 78.6 %; specificity: 68.1 %), although all three parameters appeared to have comparable predictive power in this subset. In previously diagnosed diabetic subjects, WHR was superior to both WC and BMI in females, and WHR and WC were both superior to BMI in males. Lower predictive values were found for IFG in both genders. Accumulation of various altered anthropometric measurements was associated with increased odds ratios for both newly and previously diagnosed DM2. The predictive power of anthropometric measurements was greater for DM2 than IFG. We suggest assessment of as many available parameters as possible in the clinical setting.

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Section: Newly Diagnosedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose Prediction Using Anthropometric Indices in Adults from Maracaibo City, Venezuela

et al. 2016

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“…Notable findings have been monogenic obesity presentations secondary to disruptions of the POMC, leptin and MCR4 loci [30] in addition to minor contributions by several other genes [31]. In general, overall obesity is a polygenic disorder and gene-environment interactions play a very important role.…”

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic health and weight: Understanding metabolically unhealthy normal weight or metabolically healthy obese patients

2016

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“…8 Many environmental factors can contribute towards obesity and thus interfere with inflammatory expression, including diet. 9 Nutritional interventions can modulate inflammation, as demonstrated in studies based on a hypocaloric diet or on high consumption of fruits and vegetables. Both interventions have been shown to reduce the expression and synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and decrease other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP).…”

Section: Inflammation Is a Physiological Response Triggered By Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dietary fatty acid intake in inflammatory gene expression: a critical review

2017

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diet is an important modifiable factor involved in obesity-induced inflammation. We reviewed clinical trials that assessed the effect of consumption of different fatty acids on the expression of inflammation-related genes, such as cytokines, adipokines, chemokines and transcription factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review study conducted at a research center. METHODS:This was a review on the effect of fat intake on inflammatory gene expression in humans. RESULTS: Consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was related to postprandial upregulation of genes associated with pro-inflammatory pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in comparison with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. In addition, acute intake of a high-SFA meal also induced a postprandial pro-inflammatory response for several inflammatory genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Both high-MUFA and high-PUFA diets showed anti-inflammatory profiles, or at least a less pronounced pro-inflammatory response than did SFA consumption. However, the results concerning the best substitute for SFAs were divergent because of the large variability in doses of MUFA (20% to 72% of energy intake) and n3 PUFA (0.4 g to 23.7% of energy intake) used in interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The lipid profile of the diet can modulate the genes relating to postprandial and longterm inflammation in PBMCs and adipose tissue. Identifying the optimal fat profile for inflammatory control may be a promising approach for treating chronic diseases such as obesity. RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:A dieta é um importante fator modificável envolvido na inflamação induzida pela obesidade. Nós revisamos ensaios clínicos que avaliaram o efeito do consumo de diferentes ácidos graxos sobre a expressão de genes relacionados com a inflamação, tais como citocinas, adipocitocinas, quimiocinas e fatores de transcrição. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de revisão narrativa realizado em um centro de pesquisa. MÉTODOS: Revisão do efeito da ingestão de gordura sobre a expressão de genes envolvidos com inflamação em seres humanos. RESULTADOS: O consumo do ácido graxo saturado (AGS) foi relacionado com a regulação favorável pós--prandial de genes associados com vias pró-inflamatórias nas células mononucleares de sangue periféri-co (CMSP), em comparação com a ingestão do ácido graxo monoinsaturado (AGMI) ou do ácido graxo poli-insaturado (AGPI). Além disso, o consumo agudo de uma dieta com alto conteúdo de AGS também induziu uma resposta pró-inflamatória pós-prandial para vários genes da inflamação no tecido adiposo subcutâneo. Ambas as dietas com alto conteúdo de AGMI e AGPI apresentaram perfil anti-inflamatório ou, pelo menos, menor resposta pró-inflamatória em relação ao consumo de AGS. Contudo, os resultados são controversos acerca do melhor substituto para o AGS, devido à grande variabilidade na dose de AGMI (20% a 72% da ingestão energética) e AGPI n3 (0,4 g para 23,7% da ingestão energética) utilizados nos estudos de...

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Can metabolically healthy obesity be explained by diet, genetics, and inflammation?

Cited by 76 publications

References 231 publications

Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose Prediction Using Anthropometric Indices in Adults from Maracaibo City, Venezuela

Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose Prediction Using Anthropometric Indices in Adults from Maracaibo City, Venezuela

Metabolic health and weight: Understanding metabolically unhealthy normal weight or metabolically healthy obese patients

The role of dietary fatty acid intake in inflammatory gene expression: a critical review

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