Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers

Piccoli, Ilaria; Sartori, F.; Polese, Riccardo; Borin, Maurizio; Berti, Antonio

doi:10.3390/agronomy11081472

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The temperate Himalayan regions of Pakistan and India have witnessed rapidly decreasing soil fertility over time leading to decline in crop productivity [6,8]. It needs emphasis that for ensuring food security, healthy soils form the foundation of food production, conservation of water and biodiversity especially bacterial community in the rhizosphere and nutrient cycling in agricultural eco-systems [9]. Recently, soil health (soil potential as a living system for sustaining plant and animal productivity along with maintaining water and air quality) and environmental pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers have received due attention [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being a leguminous crop, soybean plants primarily meet their nitrogen (N) requirement from symbiotic fixation (BNF) process, however, a number of field studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the impact of organic manures on soybean yield [7,9,23]. Schmidt et al [24] inferred that soybean yield was enhanced by 1.4 kg per kg of applied N in the form of well-composted organic manures especially chicken manure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Fertilizers Synergistically Bolster Temperate Soybean Growth, Yield, and Oil Content

Iqbal¹,

Raza²,

Zafar³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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For ensuring food security and imparting sustainability to modern commercial-oriented and highly intensive temperate farming systems, organic wastes from poultry and dairy industries constitute biologically viable strategy to improve crops productivity under changing climate. A field trial was undertaken to appraise the impact of broiler litter (BL = 5 tons ha−1), farm yard slurry (FYS = 10 tons ha−1), and chemical fertilizers including di-ammonium phosphate (DAP = 60 kg ha−1) and single super phosphate (SSP = 60 kg ha−1) applied solely and in conjunction with each other, along with a control treatment (NM). The synergistic fertilization regime encompassing BL+DAP triggered the vegetative growth of soybean as indicated by taller plants having thicker stems and higher leaf area per plant compared to NM. In addition, this fertilization management system improved reproductive yield attributes including pods number and 100-seeds weight which maximized the seed yield, harvest index, seed oil content, and biological yield by 66%, 5%, 31%, and 23% respectively than NM. Moreover, this fertilizers combination was followed by SSP + BL, while BL performed better than FYS and DAP remained superior to SSP. Furthermore, the correlation analyses indicated moderately stronger direct association of seed yield with vegetative growth traits and highly stronger linear relationship with reproductive yield attributes. Thus, co-application of broiler litter (5 tons ha−1) with reduced doses of DAP (60 kg ha−1) might be recommended to temperate soybean growers having access to poultry wastes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Fertilizers Synergistically Bolster Temperate Soybean Growth, Yield, and Oil Content

Iqbal¹,

Raza²,

Zafar³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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show abstract

“…Moreover, crops are very efficient, with the P they use showing high efficiencies; thus, reinforcing the fact that they do not respond to increases in added P beyond their inherent critical requirements [84]. This paper, along with the recent work of Piccoli [85] are, thus far, the only known attempts to devise (in graphic form) the critical P input-output levels in order to minimize P surpluses in croplands that receive fertilizer or manure.…”

Section: Determining Safe Levels Of P Loading From Manurementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Flows, Surpluses, and N/P Agronomic Balancing When Using Manure from Pig and Poultry Farms

2021

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The pig and poultry industries continue to grow across the world and together they provide the majority of meat consumed. The European Union (EU) in particular has the highest global relative meat production by monogastrics (i.e., pig and poultry). The fate of phosphorus (P) in pig and poultry farming was studied, accounting for P content in feed, animals, manure, soil, and runoff. P input from manure, and P offtake in crops receiving manure, were plotted against each other to arrive at “safe” P loading rates, in order to minimize soil P surpluses along the lines of the EU Nitrogen Expert Panel in their work with nitrogen (N). However, it was observed that it is the N/P ratio and the background soil P levels that determine whether a certain manure will end up producing surplus levels of soil P. Critical N/P weight ratios were derived over different crop P offtake rates when applying stored manure to croplands. At spreading rates of 170 and 250 kgN/ha/year and a crop P offtake of 15 or 30 kgP/ha/year, stored pig and chicken manure result in soil P surpluses. An important factor in determining effective N/P ratios is the plant availability of N in stored manure, which runs at around 47%, estimated from previously published results. The minimization of N losses to the atmosphere and to groundwater in housing, storage, and spreading of manure has a major impact on the N/P weight ratio of the manure that ends up on fields. In most cases, half of the ex-animal N content has been lost in stored or degraded manure, with N/P weight ratios running at two and less. Following only the EU Nitrates Directive, which allows for a maximum of 170 kgN/ha/year in NVZs (Nitrate Vulnerable Zones), will often result in soil P surpluses leading to runoff losses to adjacent water bodies. Therefore, for the pig and poultry industries to continue thriving, measures are required to better manage manure, including improved storage and spreading techniques, acidification, separation, struvite extraction and ammonia stripping of pig slurry, and drying and pelleting of poultry litter. This way, excess manure and derived biofertilizers from animal farms can find their way back into the commercial market, instead of ending up as legacy P in watersheds and coastal zones.

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“…Agri-environmental indicators are particularly widespread [21]. One example of their use is to calculate a nutrient balance using nutrient inputs and outputs [22], for example to monitor fertiliser policies. These indicators are in contrast to use indicators, which do not capture productivity or environment-related effects [19,23].…”

Section: Of 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany

et al. 2021

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Phosphorus (P) is essential for agriculture; however, local P surpluses can have adverse environmental effects, such as eutrophication. Optimal P fertiliser use, therefore, means balancing these effects. Although P fluxes from soil to plants are key research areas, little is known about on-farm use of P fertilisers. As, typically, not all fields or crops are treated with P annually, the transferability of measurements for other nutrients, such as nitrogen, appears limited. This study aims to close this knowledge gap. On-farm P use was described using the farm records of 50 farms in five regions of northern Germany for the period of 2010 to 2018. All sources for P fertilisation were taken into account as either P mineral, P organic or P total. Two indicators for on-farm P use were suggested: frequency, which gives the percentage of the treated area, and amount, which gives the quantity used per ha of the treated area. The frequency for P total ranged from 55.9% to 93.1% of the total farm area being fertilised. Amounts between 24.8 and 41.6 kg ha−1 P total were applied on the treated area of the farm. The results supported the separation of the quantity and frequency in on-farm P use. No decrease in P use was found during the period investigated. Using mixed models, the results further show that explanatory variables, including the farm characteristics and crop choice, explain the substantial variations in P use. It is recommended for the example of Germany to establish an official digital database for P fertilisers that can be updated professionally and is mandatory for all documentation on P use.

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Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Integrated Fertilizers Synergistically Bolster Temperate Soybean Growth, Yield, and Oil Content

Integrated Fertilizers Synergistically Bolster Temperate Soybean Growth, Yield, and Oil Content

Phosphorus Flows, Surpluses, and N/P Agronomic Balancing When Using Manure from Pig and Poultry Farms

Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany

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