Can imagery become reality?

Santarcangelo, ‪Enrica Laura; Scattina, E.; Carli, Giancarlo; Ghelarducci, Brunello; Orsini, Paolo; Manzoni, Diego

doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2412-2

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In particular, we considered the traits of absorption, mind wandering and anxiety. Absorption indicates the proneness to become deeply absorbed in tasks avoiding distraction from them; it is often, although not systematically positively correlated with hypnotisability (Tellegen and Atkinson 1974;Council and Green 2004;Santarcangelo et al 2010) and should be associated with lower BR, as BR is higher in participants with higher cognitive flexibility rather than stability (Tharp and Pickering 2011). In contrast, mind wandering indicates the proneness to escape from absorption in tasks (Kam et al 2012;Kam and Todd 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the association between hypnotisability and blink rate

et al. 2014

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Blink rate (BR), which is considered an index of the dopaminergic tone, has been studied in 41 subjects with high (highs), medium (mediums) and low (lows) hypnotisability scores in resting conditions. It has been found higher in highs; relaxation (indicated by skin conductance), anxiety and the proneness to absorption in tasks (assessed by questionnaires) were not responsible for the observed difference. In contrast, the BR difference did not survive controlling for mind wandering (MW questionnaire) whose variability could account for contrasting earlier reports, although no significant hypnotisability-related difference has been observed in MW scores. Findings do not allow to exclude that mechanisms other than dopaminergic ones may be involved in the observed difference in BR. In particular, we suggest that one of the mechanisms possibly sustaining the highs' higher BR may be a reduced cerebellar inhibition. In fact, cerebellar impairment is associated with higher BR and several studies of sensorimotor integration indicate different cerebellar controls in the highs' and lows' behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the association between hypnotisability and blink rate

et al. 2014

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“…The latter may be involved in the highs' higher arousal [39] possibly in cooperation with NOdependent higher brain acetylcholine release in basal ganglia [40]. In addition, reduced cerebellar inhibition of sensory areas may be involved in the highs' greater proneness to perceive imagined physical stimuli as real [41,42] and to modulate the activity of sensorimotor circuits responsible for reflex movements independent of volition [43]. Finally, reduced inhibition of associative areas may contribute to the highs' perception of involuntariness in action, as suggested by the overactivity of the parietal cortex associated with the feeling that active movements are externally controlled in delusions of alien control [44,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypnotizability and Performance on a Prism Adaptation Test

et al. 2015

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The susceptibility to hypnosis, which can be measured by scales, is not merely a cognitive trait. In fact, it is associated with a number of physiological correlates in the ordinary state of consciousness and in the absence of suggestions. The hypnotizability-related differences observed in sensorimotor integration suggested a major role of the cerebellum in the peculiar performance of healthy subjects with high scores of hypnotic susceptibility (highs). In order to provide behavioral evidence of this hypothesis, we submitted 20 highs and 21 low hypnotizable participants (lows) to the classical cerebellar Prism Adaptation Test (PAT). We found that the highs' performance was significantly less accurate and more variable than the lows' one, even though the two groups shared the same characteristics of adaptation to prismatic lenses. Although further studies are required to interpret these findings, they could account for earlier reports of hypnotizability-related differences in postural control and blink rate, as they indicate that hypnotizability influences the cerebellar control of sensorimotor integration.

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“…Indeed, I have found hypnotizability-related differences (Carli et al, 2006, 2008; Santarcangelo et al, 2008, 2010; Menzocchi et al, 2010, 2012; Castellani et al, 2011; Scattina et al, 2012) in many aspects of sensori-motor integration in both the absence (Table 1) (Collins and De Luca, 1993; Caratelli et al, 2010; Mecacci et al, 2013) and the presence of suggestions. I have chosen the differences in postural control induced by imagined sensory alteration (Carli et al, 2006; Santarcangelo et al, 2010; Scattina et al, 2012) as the object of this article. I will also show that my physiological approach to the field of hypnotizability allows to suggest that the involuntariness reported by highs in their response to sensory suggestions is physiologically sustained and, thus, “real” rather than only subjectively experienced (Santarcangelo et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I have chosen the differences in postural control induced by imagined sensory alteration (Carli et al, 2006; Santarcangelo et al, 2010; Scattina et al, 2012) as the object of this article. I will also show that my physiological approach to the field of hypnotizability allows to suggest that the involuntariness reported by highs in their response to sensory suggestions is physiologically sustained and, thus, “real” rather than only subjectively experienced (Santarcangelo et al, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New views of hypnotizability

Santarcangelo

2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Hypnotizability is much more than a cognitive trait enabling people to feel and behave according to suggestions reporting involuntariness in action. In fact, we have shown several hypnotizability-related differences in sensorimotor integration in the participants’ ordinary state of consciousness and in the absence of specific suggestions.\ud This article deals with postural control during imagined sensory modulation in subjects with high and low hypnotizability. It reports evidence of automaticity in the imagery-triggered activation of neural circuits not controlled by expectancy and volition, and suggests that the perceived involuntariness in action associated with imagery of movements potentially controlled by volition/expectancy may be sustained by physiological mechanisms making it a real involuntariness. The described evidence suggests that part of the hypnotizability-related differences observed may depend on peculiar cerebellar activity/connectivity, proposes a possible role of the brain endothelial nitric oxide in hypnotic behavior, and, on the whole, brings the interpretation of hypnotic involuntariness beyond neo-dissociative and socio-cognitive perspectives

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Can imagery become reality?

Cited by 35 publications

References 49 publications

Revisiting the association between hypnotisability and blink rate

Revisiting the association between hypnotisability and blink rate

Hypnotizability and Performance on a Prism Adaptation Test

New views of hypnotizability

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