Can hydrogen be the sustainable fuel for mobility in India in the global context?

Jayakumar, Arunkumar; Madheswaran, Dinesh Kumar; Kannan, Arunachala Mada; Sureshvaran, Ullashvaran; Sathish, Jayanth

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.272

Cited by 30 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…However, there is no universally accepted definition, as there is no international standard for green hydrogen. Several sources refer to GH 2 as being produced through electricity generated from renewable energy sources with minimal CO 2 emission [19,[79][80][81]. Everyone agrees that the most widely used method is water electrolysis through RES.…”

Section: Green Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-Based Energy Systems: Current Technology Development Status, Opportunities and Challenges

Rolo,

Costa,

Brito

2023

Energies

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The use of hydrogen as an energy carrier within the scope of the decarbonisation of the world’s energy production and utilisation is seen by many as an integral part of this endeavour. However, the discussion around hydrogen technologies often lacks some perspective on the currently available technologies, their Technology Readiness Level (TRL), scope of application, and important performance parameters, such as energy density or conversion efficiency. This makes it difficult for the policy makers and investors to evaluate the technologies that are most promising. The present study aims to provide help in this respect by assessing the available technologies in which hydrogen is used as an energy carrier, including its main challenges, needs and opportunities in a scenario in which fossil fuels still dominate global energy sources but in which renewables are expected to assume a progressively vital role in the future. The production of green hydrogen using water electrolysis technologies is described in detail. Various methods of hydrogen storage are referred, including underground storage, physical storage, and material-based storage. Hydrogen transportation technologies are examined, taking into account different storage methods, volume requirements, and transportation distances. Lastly, an assessment of well-known technologies for harnessing energy from hydrogen is undertaken, including gas turbines, reciprocating internal combustion engines, and fuel cells. It seems that the many of the technologies assessed have already achieved a satisfactory degree of development, such as several solutions for high-pressure hydrogen storage, while others still require some maturation, such as the still limited life and/or excessive cost of the various fuel cell technologies, or the suitable operation of gas turbines and reciprocating internal combustion engines operating with hydrogen. Costs below 200 USD/kWproduced, lives above 50 kh, and conversion efficiencies approaching 80% are being aimed at green hydrogen production or electricity production from hydrogen fuel cells. Nonetheless, notable advances have been achieved in these technologies in recent years. For instance, electrolysis with solid oxide cells may now sometimes reach up to 85% efficiency although with a life still in the range of 20 kh. Conversely, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) working as electrolysers are able to sometimes achieve a life in the range of 80 kh with efficiencies up to 68%. Regarding electricity production from hydrogen, the maximum efficiencies are slightly lower (72% and 55%, respectively). The combination of the energy losses due to hydrogen production, compression, storage and electricity production yields overall efficiencies that could be as low as 25%, although smart applications, such as those that can use available process or waste heat, could substantially improve the overall energy efficiency figures. Despite the challenges, the foreseeable future seems to hold significant potential for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, as the demand for hydrogen continues to grow, particularly in transportation, building heating, and power generation, new business prospects emerge. However, this should be done with careful regard to the fact that many of these technologies still need to increase their technological readiness level before they become viable options. For this, an emphasis needs to be put on research, innovation, and collaboration among industry, academia, and policymakers to unlock the full potential of hydrogen as an energy vector in the sustainable economy.

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Section: Green Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-Based Energy Systems: Current Technology Development Status, Opportunities and Challenges

Rolo,

Costa,

Brito

2023

Energies

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“…Often, there is no specific section on renewable energies, or it is not detailed enough. It is imperative to focus on the organization's renewable energy potential (Jayakumar, 2022) and not just focus on energy efficiency. Example: Area available for installing solar panels?…”

Section: Renewable Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Energy Audit: Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities

M'Baye

2022

Am. J. Energy Nat. Resour.

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Energy audit is one lever to reduce carbon emissions of an organization (industrial site, residential building etc.;). This paper explores the energy audit savings tendance, barriers, challenges, and opportunities through an extensive review of the literature. Different variant of the methodology can be found in the literature and one aim of this research is to make a synthesis (from the most relevant variant). Energy audit can be adapted to the size and context of the organization thanks to the different levels of audits. Different cases studies are also included in this article that highlights the benefits of the energy audit. Other aspects are studied such as tools to use during audit and competencies and experience of auditors. Several barriers should be removed progressively to add more benefits to this sustainable lever. A list of opportunities has been identified and should be subject to further research.

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“…In spite of the popularity of this solution, it is impossible to reach zero carbon emissions. Hydrogen as an energy carrier for the propulsion of vehicles is seen as a solution for sustainable green mobility [6] with higher energy density than electric batteries, with water as the only exhaust product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, Simulation and Control Strategy Optimization of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

et al. 2023

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This work represents the development of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) model, its validation, and the comparison of different control strategies based on the Toyota Mirai (1st generation) vehicle and its subsystems. The main investigated parameters are hydrogen consumption, and the variation of the state of charge, current, and voltage of the battery. The FCHEV model, which is made up of multiple subsystems, is developed and simulated in MATLAB® Simulink environment using a rule-based control strategy derived from the real system. The results of the model were validated using the experimental data obtained from the open-source Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) database. In the second part, the equivalent consumption minimization strategy is implemented into the controller logic to optimize the existing control strategy and investigate the difference in hydrogen consumption. It was found that the ECMS control strategy outperforms the rule-based one in all drive cycles by 0.4–15.6%. On the other hand, when compared to the real controller, ECMS performs worse for certain considered driving cycles and outperforms others.

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Can hydrogen be the sustainable fuel for mobility in India in the global context?

Cited by 30 publications

References 124 publications

Hydrogen-Based Energy Systems: Current Technology Development Status, Opportunities and Challenges

Hydrogen-Based Energy Systems: Current Technology Development Status, Opportunities and Challenges

Review on Energy Audit: Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities

Modeling, Simulation and Control Strategy Optimization of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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