Can gaze control steering?

Tuhkanen, Samuel; Pekkanen, Jami; Mole, Callum; Wilkie, Richard M.; Lappi, Otto

doi:10.1167/jov.23.7.12

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…In contrast, during a practice or qualifying situation, the driver has time to prepare for a fast lap on their out lap (lap after exiting the pit garage), and during their fastest lap attempt, they dictate when to brake, turn in, and accelerate out of corners. Although numerous studies exist examining visual attention in real-world driving (e.g., [ 16 ]) and simulated driving tasks (e.g., [ 17 , 18 ]), no study has examined how visual attention is allocated by experts and novices in a simulated racing environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less Is More: Higher-Skilled Sim Racers Allocate Significantly Less Attention to the Track Relative to the Display Features than Lower-Skilled Sim Racers

Joyce,

Campbell,

Hojaji

et al. 2024

Vision

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Simulated (sim) racing is an emerging esport that has garnered much interest in recent years and has been a relatively under-researched field in terms of expertise and performance. When examining expertise, visual attention has been of particular interest to researchers, with eye tracking technology commonly used to assess visual attention. In this study, we examined the overt visual attention allocation of high- and low-skilled sim racers during a time trial task using Tobii 3 glasses. In the study, 104 participants were tested on one occasion, with 88 included in the analysis after exclusions. Participants were allocated to either group according to their fastest lap times. Independent t-tests were carried out with sidak corrections to test our hypotheses. Our results indicate that when eye tracking metrics were normalised to the lap time and corner sector time, there was a difference in the relative length of overt attention allocation (fixation behaviour) as lower-skilled racers had significantly greater total fixation durations in laps overall and across corner sectors when normalised (p = 0.013; p = 0.018). Interestingly, high- and low-skilled sim racers differed in where they allocated their attention during the task, with high-skilled sim racers allocating significantly less overt attention to the track relative to other areas of the display (p = 0.003). This would allow for higher-skilled racers to obtain relatively more information from heads-up display elements in-game, all whilst driving at faster speeds. This study provides evidence that high-skilled sim racers appear to need significantly less overt attention throughout a fast lap, and that high- and low-skilled sim racers differ in where they allocate their attention while racing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less Is More: Higher-Skilled Sim Racers Allocate Significantly Less Attention to the Track Relative to the Display Features than Lower-Skilled Sim Racers

Joyce,

Campbell,

Hojaji

et al. 2024

Vision

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Prospective control of steering through multiple waypoints

Jansen,

Fajen

2024

Journal of Vision

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Some locomotor tasks involve steering at high speeds through multiple waypoints within cluttered environments. Although in principle actors could treat each individual waypoint in isolation, skillful performance would seem to require them to adapt their trajectory to the most immediate waypoint in anticipation of subsequent waypoints. To date, there have been few studies of such behavior, and the evidence that does exist is inconclusive about whether steering is affected by multiple future waypoints. The present study was designed to address the need for a clearer understanding of how humans adapt their steering movements in anticipation of future goals. Subjects performed a simulated drone flying task in a forest-like virtual environment that was presented on a monitor while their eye movements were tracked. They were instructed to steer through a series of gates while the distance at which gates first became visible (i.e., lookahead distance) was manipulated between trials. When gates became visible at least 1-1/2 segments in advance, subjects successfully flew through a high percentage of gates, rarely collided with obstacles, and maintained a consistent speed. They also approached the most immediate gate in a way that depended on the angular position of the subsequent gate. However, when the lookahead distance was less than 1-1/2 segments, subjects followed longer paths and flew at slower, more variable speeds. The findings demonstrate that the control of steering through multiple waypoints does indeed depend on information from beyond the most immediate waypoint. Discussion focuses on the possible control strategies for steering through multiple waypoints.

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Perceptual-Cognitive Integration for Goal-Directed Action in Naturalistic Environments

Fooken,

Baltaretu,

Barany

et al. 2023

J. Neurosci.

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Real-world actions require one to simultaneously perceive, think, and act on the surrounding world, requiring the integration of (bottom-up) sensory information and (top-down) cognitive and motor signals. Studying these processes involves the intellectual challenge of cutting across traditional neuroscience silos, and the technical challenge of recording data in uncontrolled natural environments. However, recent advances in techniques, such as neuroimaging, virtual reality, and motion tracking, allow one to address these issues in naturalistic environments for both healthy participants and clinical populations. In this review, we survey six topics in which naturalistic approaches have advanced both our fundamental understanding of brain function and how neurologic deficits influence goal-directed, coordinated action in naturalistic environments. The first part conveys fundamental neuroscience mechanisms related to visuospatial coding for action, adaptive eye-hand coordination, and visuomotor integration for manual interception. The second part discusses applications of such knowledge to neurologic deficits, specifically, steering in the presence of cortical blindness, impact of stroke on visual-proprioceptive integration, and impact of visual search and working memory deficits. This translational approach—extending knowledge from lab to rehab—provides new insights into the complex interplay between perceptual, motor, and cognitive control in naturalistic tasks that are relevant for both basic and clinical research.

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Can gaze control steering?

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Less Is More: Higher-Skilled Sim Racers Allocate Significantly Less Attention to the Track Relative to the Display Features than Lower-Skilled Sim Racers

Less Is More: Higher-Skilled Sim Racers Allocate Significantly Less Attention to the Track Relative to the Display Features than Lower-Skilled Sim Racers

Prospective control of steering through multiple waypoints

Perceptual-Cognitive Integration for Goal-Directed Action in Naturalistic Environments

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