Can Fortified Bifidobacterium with Mycosporin-like Amino Acid be a New Insight for Neurological Disease' s Treatment?

Abstract

Gastrointestinal microbiota includes bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi and other eukaryotes. The genus Bifidobacterium is considered the dominant once; it has an important role on immunologic, hormonal and metabolic homeostasis of the host. Recent studies demonstrated that the Mycosporin-like Amino Acids (MAAs) had prebiotic effects and they modulated host immunity by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, macrophage and lymphocytes. Also MAAs modulate NF-κB and tryptophan metabolism. Modulation NF-κB and tryptophan metabolism induced a beneficial effect on central nervous cascade. The safety of Bifidobacterium species is known; although they do not produce MAAs, their presence is required for immunological response continuity of intestine. Thereby we hypothesize that if we could create Bifidobacteria species producing MAAs via genetic engineering; they might have stronger immuno-stimulatory properties and might be used as more potent pharmacological agents in neurological diseases secondary to impaired microbiota.

Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis engineered to produce mycosporin-like amino acids in colorectal cancer prevention

“…Impaired tryptophan metabolism has been implicated in the pathophysiology of conditions such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–related dementia, Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. 38 Furthermore, impaired tryptophan metabolism could contribute to the development or exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease. 39 MAAs induce the activity of the tryptophan by degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.…”